Vitamins Flashcards
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
A, D, E, K
Which vitamins are water soluble?
B, C
What is vitamin A called?
Retinol `
What are D vitamins called?
Calciferols
What are the E vitamins called?
Tocopherols
What are the K vitamins called?
Quinones
What is vitamin B1 called?
Thiamin
What is vitamin B2 called?
Riboflavin
What is vitamin B3 called?
Nicotinic acid
What is vitamin B5 called?
Pantothenic acid
What is vitamin B6 called?
Pyridoxine
What is vitamin B7 called?
Biotin
What is vitamin B9 called?
Folic acid
What is vitamin B12 called?
Cyanocobalamin
What is vitamin C called?
Ascorbic acid
What are provitamins?
Compounds that become vitamins after undergoing a chemical reaction
What happened to B4/B8/B10/B11?
All turned out to be same as the other vitamins discovered
How are vitamins destroyed?
Oxidation by heat/light/iron
What is avitaminosis?
A total absence of a vitamin
What is it called if there is too much or too little of a vitamin?
Hypervitaminosis or hypovitaminosis
What are the metabolic functions of retinol?
Retinal function
Formation of epithelial and mucous membranes
Bone growth
Immunity
Vitamin does not need to be supplied daily as it is stored in the body. Where is vitamin A stored?
Liver
The provitamin of retinol is B carotene. What are sources of B carotene?
Plants
Grass
What are the sources of retinol?
Cod liver oil
Milk fat
Egg yolk
What does hypervitaminosis of retinol cause?
Lameness
Weight loss
Poor coat
What are the symptoms of hypovitaminosis of retinol?
Scurvy
Scaly skin
Night blindness
What are the metabolic function of calciferols?
Promote calcium ion absorption in the lumen
Regulate calcium and phosphorus
What are sources of calciferols?
Egg yolk
Fish oil
Colostrum
Sunlight
What are the results of calciferols deficiencies?
Rickets (weak bones)
Osteomalacia
Poor eggs
Vitamin E has little reserves in the body so is provided by diet. What foods are good sources of tocopherols?
Grass/vegetables
Cereals
What are the function of tocopherols?
Biological antioxidant
Reproductive function
Muscle and capillary integrity
A deficiency in tocopherols causes what?
Cardiac disease
Brain damage
Lameness has
Myopathy (muscles do not function)
What are sources of quinones?
Greens
Egg yolk
Liver fish
Gut bacteria
What are the metabolic functions of quinones?
Clotting of blood
Bone and kidney function
What are signs of quinones deficiency?
Delayed blood clotting
Anaemia
What are the functions of B vitamins?
Pathway of cellular respiration
Pathway of energy transfer
Co-enzymes
What are sources of vitamin B?
Liver
Yeast
Greens
Cereals
What does thiamin do? What happens if there is a deficiency?
B1 Initiate nerve impulses
Paralysis, blindness, CCN
What does riboflavin do? What happens if there is a deficiency?
B2 Oxidative phosphorylation and proton transport
Poor appetite, growth and vomiting
What happens if there is a deficiency in pyridoxine? Why is this rare?
B6 Neural degeneration and jerky gait
It is found in milk
What is the function of cyanocobalamin? What are the signs of a deficiency in young animals?
B12
Coenzyme in respiration
Poor growth
What is the function of ascorbic acid?
Collagen formation
Antioxidant
Metabolic redox
Most animals can synthesise ascorbic acid. Which animals cannot?
Primates
Guinea pigs
Fruit bats
What does a deficiency in ascorbic acid cause?
Scurvy Muscle joint pain Weight loss Red dots on skin Diarrhoea
