Minerals Flashcards
Is calcium a major or minor mineral?
Major
What are the 4 functions of calcium?
Skeleton component
Blood coagulation
Regulation of Ca and P
Nerve & muscle cell excitability
What are 6 sources of calcium?
Milk Meat Eggs Greens Silage Hay
What 4 factors affect calcium absorption?
Bound as phytates in plants
Bound as oxalates when binds to insoluble salts
Binds to fatty acids to form insoluble soaps
Inflamed mucosa cannot absorb Ca
What can hypocalcaemia lead to?
Milk fever (few days after birth, rumen stasis, paralysis, dilate pupils)
Osteodystrophy
Rickets
Is calcium mainly in ICF or ECF?
ECF
What is used as a corrective source of hypocalcaemia?
Limestone
Is phosphorus a major or minor mineral?
Major
What is the function of phosphorus?
Same as calcium
- Bone component
- Nerve/muscle excitability
- Blood coagulation
- Regulation of Ca and P
What are sources of phosphorus in a 1:1 ratio with calcium?
Milk Meat Eggs Greens Hay Silage
What 2 factors affect absorption of phosphorus?
Bound as oxalates and phytates in plants
Excess Ca inhibits P absorption and vice versa
What is a result of hypophophataemia?
Osteomalacia (bone softening)
Abnormal bone growth
Stereotypies
What is the correct ratio of Ca:P?
1:1 - 2:1
Is magnesium a major or trace mineral?
Major
What are the three functions of magnesium?
Enzyme function
Muscle contraction
Propagation of nerve impulses
What are 5 sources of magnesium?
Chlorophyll Meat Bone Colostrum Magnesite
Which two minerals decrease magnesium intake?
Copper
Phytate bound phosphorus
What does hypomagnaesia cause?
Dullness
Sensitive skin
Grass staggers (recumbency, convulsion, death)
Why may grass staggers occur?
Low magnesium in grass due to season,weather, stress
Which other two minerals are related to magnesium?
Ca, P
What is the body reserve for magnesium?
NONE
Relies solely on dietary intake
Is copper a major or trace mineral?
Trace
What are the 5 functions of copper?
Plasma proteins, blood proteins,enzymes, hair/wool/feathers, immune function
What copper compound is most readily absorbed? What is worst absorbed?
CuSO4
Metallic copper
What do rumen microbes produce that binds to and affects absorption of copper?
Thiomolybdate
What are the results of a copper deficiency?
Poor wool, hair, feathers. Pigmentation loss
Anaemia
Swayback in sheeps
Cardiovascular disease
Where is copper stored and released?
Liver
What is a copper deficiency most common in?
Cattle
Sheep
Copper toxicity can lead to…
Jaundice
Appetite loss
Coma
Death
