Basic Cardiac Embryology/circulatory Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What provides a foetus with oxygenated blood?

A

Umbilical veins

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2
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter the foetal heart?

A

Via caudal vena cava, into right atrium then passes to left via foramen ovale.

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3
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Duct that allows liver to be bypassed

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4
Q

When young, the foramen ovale closes to become what?

A

Fossa ovalis

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5
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Duct that connects aorta and pulmonary artery

Allows blood to mostly bypass the lungs

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6
Q

What provides the foetus with nutrition?

A

Yolk sac

Via vitelline veins

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7
Q

Why is the blood in the left atrium of the heart diluted?

A

It mixes with deoxygenated blood

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8
Q

What is the first stage of cardiac embryology?

A

Cells in mesoderm form blood islands
Blood islands join to become haemoblasts
Haemoblasts join to form cardiac tube

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9
Q

What happens to the umbilicus before/during birth?

A

Umbilicus arteries contract and elastic recoils

Prevent haemorrhage when ruptures

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10
Q

What does the umbilicus vein become

A

Round ligament of the liver

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11
Q

What does the umbilicus artery become

A

The round ligament of the bladder

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12
Q

What happens to circulation when taking a first breath?

A

Drop in resistance to pulmonary circulation. Capillaries in lungs open
Increased preload in left atrium and increased aortic pressure
Causes septum primum to be pushed against septum secundum - close foramen ovale

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13
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus during birth?

A

Smooth muscle constricts

Connective tissue fully closes it within months

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14
Q

When the ductus arteriosus closes, what does it become?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

What would happen if the ductus arteriosus did not close?

A

Blood would flow the opposite way

Too much preload

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16
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

A

The narrowing of the aorta

17
Q

What does aortic stenosis cause?

A

Increased resistance and ESVV

Left Muscle thickens and lumen smaller - heart failure

18
Q

What is pulmonic stenosis? What does it cause?

A

Narrowing of pulmonic artery
Causes increased resistance and ESVV
Right side of heart thickens, higher contractility and small lumen - heart failure

19
Q

When there is a small hole in the heart, is there murmur? What about a large hole?

A

Yes

No