Respiratory 3 Flashcards
What is a buffer?
Binds or donates H+ to alter ph
What is blood ph? When is it acidosis/alkalosis?
7.4
<7.35 or >7.45
What is respiratory acidosis?
Accumulation of H+ due to carbon dioxide
What is metabolic acidosis?
Accumulation of H+ due to other acids than CO2
How does the body respond to metabolic acidosis?
Increases RR and depth
How does the body respond to metabolic acidosis?
Decreased RR and depth
What is the order of the 3 mechanisms which restore pH?
Buffer
Lungs
Kidneys
The respiratory system forms after the CV system, from which part of the embryo?
Foregut
Describe the embryology of the respiratory system
Laryngotracheal tube forms bronchioles buds
Forms principal bronchi
Forms lobar bronchi
Forms segmental bronchi
Forms pleuroperitoneal cavity and visceral pleura
What are the 5 embryologicla stages of respiratory embryology? EPCTA
Embryonic Pseudoglandular Canicular Terminal sac Alveolar
What happens in the embryonic stage of embryology?
Segmental bronchi form from laryngeal groove
What happens in the pseudoglandular phase?
Lungs extend into mesenchyme and major branches form
What happens in the canicular phase?
Tracheal and bronchial lumens enlarge
What happens in the terminal sac phase?
Sacs lined with epithelium arrive from bronchioles
Alveolocytes form
What happens in the alveolar stage of embryology?
Capillaries become associated near alveoli lining
What stimulates the foetus to take its first breath?
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Decreased temperature
Stimulation from mother
Why do foetus have a high affinity for oxygen?
In slight hypoxia
What are the ways foetus’s can receive blood?
COunter current
Pool
Concurrent
Crosscurrent
What happens during a first breath?
Collapsed lungs and capillaries open
Alveoli expand
Why do premature neonates suffer from respiratory distress?
Type 2 alveolocytes not fully formed
Not enough surfactant to relieve surface tension
What are the accessory inspiration muscles?
Serratus ventralis
Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Rectus thoracis
(Thorocolumbar fascia)
What are the accessory expirator muscles?
Serratus dorsalis caudalis
EAO
Transverse thoracis
