Intro To Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the function of blood?
To remove waste products and he’s
Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes
How many thoracic vertebrae (and therefore ribs) do dogs have?
13
The word costal refers to what body part?
Ribs
The word caudal relates to what structure?
Cartilage
The sternum is made up of sternebrae. What are the first and last sternebrae called?
Manubrium
Xiphoid process
The heart is situated between which ribs?
3 and 6
The lung is separated into lobes. What defines a lobe?
A part of the lung which has its own bronchus
What are the names of the left lobes of the lung?
Cranial and caudal
What are the name of the right lobes of the lung?
Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
What is a pleura?
A serous membrane lining the thorax
What is the name of the serous membrane lining the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What is the mediastinal pleura?
Serous membrane covering the middle of the thorax (mediastinal)
What is the name of the serous membrane covering the ribs?
Costal pleura
What is the name of the serous membrane covering the diaphragm?
Diaphragmatic pleura
What does the parietal pleura (everywhere in thorax except lungs) consist of?
Mediastinal, Costal and diaphragmatic pleura
Pleura is under what type of pressure? What does this mean?
Negative pressure
Pleura have lower pressure than area around it
What is the name of the invaginate sac of serous membrane containing the heart?
The pericardium
What does the pericardium contain which allows the heart to move?
Fluid
The heart wall is made up of what?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
What separates the atria? What separates the ventricles?
Interarterial septum
Interventricular septum
All 4 heart chambers are visible from a lateral view of an animal.
What are the top and bottom of the heart called?
Top - base
Bottom - apex
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via which blood vessel?
Aorta
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via which blood vessel?
Pulmonary artery
What is systole?
The emptying of heart chambers as the heart contracts
What is diastole?
The filling of the heart chambers as the heart relaxes
The heart generates its own electrical pathway. Where does this electrical pulse originate and where does it go?
Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node Bundle of his Left limb Right limb Septomarginal band Left bundle branch Right bundle branch
The normal ‘lub-dub’ sound of the heart makes the start and end of what?
Systole
What causes the lub noise?
Blood rebounding on AV valve in ventricles
What causes the dub noise?
Blood rebounding on the semilunar valves
What causes heart murmurs?
Turbulence in the blood
What do you hear during auscultation (listening) of each side of the heart?
Left side - rib 3 pulmonic valve, rib 4 aortic valve, rib 5 mitral valve
Right side - tricuspid
