Forelimb Structures Flashcards
What are the centres of ossification in the scapula?
Body
Supraglenoid tubercle
What are the 5 ossification centres in the humerus?
Body, proximal epiphysis, medial epi condyle, 2 in lateral epicondylitis
Which spinal nerves supply the brachial plexus?
C6-T2
Which muscles are not supplied by the brachial plexus (C6-T2)
Brachiocephalicus
Trapezius
Rhomboideus
What are the types of joints and where are they found?
Fibrous joint - skull sutures
Cartilagenous joint - pelvic symphysis
Synovial joint - most
Synovial joints contain hyaline cartilage. What is the function of this?
Reduce friction
Make the joint flexible
Describe hyaline cartilage in terms of nerve/blood supply
Avascular
No nerve endings
What is found within a synovial joint?
Synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane
Within joint capsule
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubrication
Ligaments connect bone to bone to form joints. What are ligaments made up from?
Dense fibrous connective tissue
What do collateral ligaments do?
Connect bones on the medial/lateral aspects of a joint
What is found between the radius and ulna, and the interosseus space?
Fibrous joints
What shape is the cat olecranon?
Square
What are the 3 centres of ossification in the radius?
Proximal epiphyses
Body
Distal epiphyses
What is an epiphyses?
The end of a long bone
What is dysplasia?
Abnormal development
How many blood vessels are found in each digit?
4
Which joints have the most and least movement in the distal brachial region?
Most - antebrachio-carpal joint
Least - carpo-metacarpal joint
The claw is also called? What is this within?
Ungual process
Ungual crest
What are the centres of ossification for the phalanges?
2 per bone
Except distal phalanx - 1
Which structure keeps cat claws hidden in a sheath? Why?
Strong elastic ligament
Keep sharp
The footpad is made up of which pads?
Accessory/carpal
Metacarpal
Digital pads
What is the function of the footpads?
Shock absorption
Protection
Traction
Support
The claw contains what layers?
Dermis
Germination layer
Epidermis
Stratum tectorum
What is the stratum tectorum?
Waterproof layer outside of the claw
In which layer of the claw are blood vessels and nerves found?
Dermis (quick)
The epidermis is highly…
Keratinised (horn)
Where are the lymph nodes in the forelimb found?
Prescapular
Auxiliary
