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Humanities CLEP > Visual Arts - (20% of Exam) > Flashcards

Visual Arts - (20% of Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

Key Figure

A

Details

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2
Q

Phidias

A

Time Period: Ancient Greek
Contribution: Sculptor of the Parthenon and the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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3
Q

Polykleitos

A

Time Period: Ancient Greek
Contribution: Developed the Canon, a system of ideal human proportions in sculpture.

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4
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Contribution: Painter of The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, also an inventor and scientist.

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5
Q

Michelangelo

A

Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Contribution: Sculptor of David and painter of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

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6
Q

Raphael

A

Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Contribution: Known for The School of Athens, which embodies High Renaissance ideals of harmony and perspective.

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7
Q

Titian

A

Time Period: Venetian Renaissance
Contribution: Master of color and oil painting techniques, famous for Assumption of the Virgin.

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8
Q

Albrecht Dürer

A

Time Period: Northern Renaissance
Contribution: German artist known for engravings such as Melencolia I and self-portraits.

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9
Q

Caravaggio

A

Time Period: Baroque
Contribution: Pioneered dramatic lighting (chiaroscuro) in paintings like The Calling of Saint Matthew.

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10
Q

Rembrandt

A

Time Period: Dutch Golden Age
Contribution: Renowned for portraits and historical scenes such as The Night Watch.

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11
Q

Diego Velázquez

A

Time Period: Spanish Baroque
Contribution: Court painter to Philip IV, best known for Las Meninas.

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12
Q

Peter Paul Rubens

A

Time Period: Flemish Baroque
Contribution: Known for dynamic compositions and mythological subjects such as The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus.

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13
Q

Francisco Goya

A

Time Period: Romanticism
Contribution: Created dark, political works such as The Third of May 1808.

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14
Q

J.M.W. Turner

A

Time Period: Romanticism
Contribution: Known for dramatic landscapes and maritime scenes such as The Fighting Temeraire.

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15
Q

Eugène Delacroix

A

Time Period: Romanticism
Contribution: Painted Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing revolution and freedom.

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16
Q

Claude Monet

A

Time Period: Impressionism
Contribution: Founder of Impressionism, known for Impression, Sunrise and water lily paintings.

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17
Q

Edgar Degas

A

Time Period: Impressionism
Contribution: Focused on movement and ballet scenes, such as The Dance Class.

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18
Q

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

A

Time Period: Impressionism
Contribution: Painted joyful social scenes like Luncheon of the Boating Party.

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19
Q

Vincent van Gogh

A

Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Contribution: Created emotionally charged works such as Starry Night and Sunflowers.

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20
Q

Paul Cézanne

A

Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Contribution: Bridged Impressionism and modern art, known for Mont Sainte-Victoire.

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21
Q

Paul Gauguin

A

Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Contribution: Used bold colors in works such as Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?.

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22
Q

Henri Matisse

A

Time Period: Fauvism
Contribution: Known for expressive color and cut-paper collages such as The Dance.

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23
Q

Pablo Picasso

A

Time Period: Cubism
Contribution: Co-founded Cubism, known for Guernica and Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.

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24
Q

Georges Braque

A

Time Period: Cubism
Contribution: Developed Cubism alongside Picasso, focusing on fragmented perspectives.

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25
Q

Wassily Kandinsky

A

Time Period: Expressionism
Contribution: Pioneer of abstract art, known for Composition VII.

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26
Q

Edvard Munch

A

Time Period: Expressionism
Contribution: Created The Scream, symbolizing existential anxiety.

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27
Q

Marcel Duchamp

A

Time Period: Dada
Contribution: Challenged art norms with works like Fountain (a signed urinal).

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28
Q

Salvador Dalí

A

Time Period: Surrealism
Contribution: Created dreamlike works such as The Persistence of Memory.

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29
Q

Frida Kahlo

A

Time Period: Surrealism
Contribution: Painted autobiographical works exploring identity, pain, and culture.

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30
Q

Jackson Pollock

A

Time Period: Abstract Expressionism
Contribution: Developed action painting, famous for No. 5, 1948.

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31
Q

Mark Rothko

A

Time Period: Color Field Painting
Contribution: Created large-scale abstract color compositions, such as Orange and Yellow.

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32
Q

Andy Warhol

A

Time Period: Pop Art
Contribution: Icon of mass production in art, known for Campbell’s Soup Cans and Marilyn Diptych.

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33
Q

Roy Lichtenstein

A

Time Period: Pop Art
Contribution: Created comic book-style paintings like Whaam!.

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34
Q

Yayoi Kusama

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Known for polka dots, infinity rooms, and large-scale installations.

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35
Q

Jean-Michel Basquiat

A

Time Period: Neo-Expressionism
Contribution: Addressed race and identity through graffiti-inspired works.

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36
Q

Banksy

A

Time Period: Street Art
Contribution: Anonymous artist known for politically charged stencil graffiti.

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37
Q

Barbara Kruger

A

Time Period: Conceptual Art
Contribution: Combines text and images to critique consumerism and feminism.

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38
Q

Cindy Sherman

A

Time Period: Contemporary Photography
Contribution: Explores identity and stereotypes in self-portraits.

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39
Q

Ai Weiwei

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Activist artist known for conceptual works critiquing power and oppression.

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40
Q

Damien Hirst

A

Time Period: Young British Artists
Contribution: Created works involving preserved animals, such as The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living.

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41
Q

Kara Walker

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Uses silhouette installations to explore race, gender, and history.

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42
Q

Jeff Koons

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Known for balloon animal sculptures and kitsch-inspired art.

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43
Q

Anish Kapoor

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Created large-scale sculptures like Cloud Gate (The Bean in Chicago).

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44
Q

Olafur Eliasson

A

Time Period: Contemporary Installation Art
Contribution: Creates immersive light and environmental installations.

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45
Q

Marina Abramović

A

Time Period: Performance Art
Contribution: Explores endurance and human connection in pieces like The Artist is Present.

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46
Q

David Hockney

A

Time Period: Contemporary Art
Contribution: Known for vibrant California landscapes and digital iPad paintings.

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47
Q

Takashi Murakami

A

Time Period: Superflat Movement
Contribution: Merges pop culture and fine art, known for colorful characters and commercial collaborations.

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48
Q

Title

A

Details

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49
Q

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

A

Author: Phidias
Title: Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Time Period: Ancient Greek
Synopsis: A massive chryselephantine (gold and ivory) statue of Zeus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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50
Q

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

A

Author: Polykleitos
Title: Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)
Time Period: Ancient Greek
Synopsis: A marble sculpture demonstrating Polykleitos’ ideal human proportions and contrapposto stance.

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51
Q

Mona Lisa

A

Author: Leonardo da Vinci
Title: Mona Lisa
Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Synopsis: A portrait famous for its enigmatic smile and masterful sfumato technique.

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52
Q

The Last Supper

A

Author: Leonardo da Vinci
Title: The Last Supper
Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Synopsis: A mural depicting Jesus and his disciples, known for its use of perspective and dramatic composition.

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53
Q

David

A

Author: Michelangelo
Title: David
Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Synopsis: A marble statue representing the biblical hero, known for its anatomical precision and idealized beauty.

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54
Q

The Creation of Adam

A

Author: Michelangelo
Title: The Creation of Adam
Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Synopsis: A fresco on the Sistine Chapel ceiling depicting God giving life to Adam.

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55
Q

The School of Athens

A

Author: Raphael
Title: The School of Athens
Time Period: Italian Renaissance
Synopsis: A fresco celebrating philosophy, featuring Plato, Aristotle, and other thinkers in an idealized architectural setting.

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56
Q

Assumption of the Virgin

A

Author: Titian
Title: Assumption of the Virgin
Time Period: Venetian Renaissance
Synopsis: A dynamic composition with vivid color and movement, depicting the Virgin Mary ascending to heaven.

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57
Q

Melencolia I

A

Author: Albrecht Dürer
Title: Melencolia I
Time Period: Northern Renaissance
Synopsis: A detailed engraving filled with symbols representing artistic genius and intellectual struggle.

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58
Q

The Calling of Saint Matthew

A

Author: Caravaggio
Title: The Calling of Saint Matthew
Time Period: Baroque
Synopsis: A dramatic use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro) to depict Christ calling Matthew to be his disciple.

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59
Q

The Night Watch

A

Author: Rembrandt
Title: The Night Watch
Time Period: Dutch Golden Age
Synopsis: A large group portrait of a militia company, notable for its dramatic lighting and movement.

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60
Q

Las Meninas

A

Author: Diego Velázquez
Title: Las Meninas
Time Period: Spanish Baroque
Synopsis: A complex composition showing the Spanish royal court, playing with perspective and viewer interaction.

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61
Q

The Third of May 1808

A

Author: Francisco Goya
Title: The Third of May 1808
Time Period: Romanticism
Synopsis: A stark depiction of the execution of Spanish rebels by French soldiers, emphasizing emotion and horror.

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62
Q

The Fighting Temeraire

A

Author: J.M.W. Turner
Title: The Fighting Temeraire
Time Period: Romanticism
Synopsis: A nostalgic painting of an old warship being towed to its final berth, symbolizing the end of an era.

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63
Q

Liberty Leading the People

A

Author: Eugène Delacroix
Title: Liberty Leading the People
Time Period: Romanticism
Synopsis: An allegorical painting celebrating the July Revolution of 1830 in France.

64
Q

Impression, Sunrise

A

Author: Claude Monet
Title: Impression, Sunrise
Time Period: Impressionism
Synopsis: The painting that gave Impressionism its name, depicting a misty harbor scene with loose brushwork.

65
Q

The Dance Class

A

Author: Edgar Degas
Title: The Dance Class
Time Period: Impressionism
Synopsis: A lively scene of ballerinas practicing, showcasing movement and realism.

66
Q

Luncheon of the Boating Party

A

Author: Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Title: Luncheon of the Boating Party
Time Period: Impressionism
Synopsis: A joyful depiction of a social gathering along the Seine River.

67
Q

Starry Night

A

Author: Vincent van Gogh
Title: Starry Night
Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Synopsis: A swirling night sky over a quiet village, conveying emotion through color and brushwork.

68
Q

Mont Sainte-Victoire

A

Author: Paul Cézanne
Title: Mont Sainte-Victoire
Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Synopsis: A series of paintings deconstructing form and perspective, influencing modern art.

69
Q

Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

A

Author: Paul Gauguin
Title: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
Time Period: Post-Impressionism
Synopsis: A philosophical painting exploring life and destiny through vibrant Tahitian imagery.

70
Q

The Dance

A

Author: Henri Matisse
Title: The Dance
Time Period: Fauvism
Synopsis: A bold, expressive depiction of figures dancing in a circle, using vivid color.

71
Q

Guernica

A

Author: Pablo Picasso
Title: Guernica
Time Period: Cubism
Synopsis: A massive anti-war painting depicting the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

72
Q

Houses at L’Estaque

A

Author: Georges Braque
Title: Houses at L’Estaque
Time Period: Cubism
Synopsis: A fragmented landscape, pioneering Cubist abstraction.

73
Q

Composition VII

A

Author: Wassily Kandinsky
Title: Composition VII
Time Period: Expressionism
Synopsis: A vibrant abstract composition expressing musical and spiritual themes.

74
Q

The Scream

A

Author: Edvard Munch
Title: The Scream
Time Period: Expressionism
Synopsis: A haunting depiction of existential anxiety, featuring a distorted figure against a fiery sky.

75
Q

The Persistence of Memory

A

Author: Salvador Dalí
Title: The Persistence of Memory
Time Period: Surrealism
Synopsis: A dreamlike scene featuring melting clocks, symbolizing the fluidity of time.

76
Q

The Two Fridas

A

Author: Frida Kahlo
Title: The Two Fridas
Time Period: Surrealism
Synopsis: A self-portrait exploring identity, pain, and duality.

77
Q

No. 5, 1948

A

Author: Jackson Pollock
Title: No. 5, 1948
Time Period: Abstract Expressionism
Synopsis: A dynamic ‘drip painting’ exemplifying action painting.

78
Q

Orange and Yellow

A

Author: Mark Rothko
Title: Orange and Yellow
Time Period: Color Field Painting
Synopsis: A large-scale abstract composition using deep, meditative color fields.

79
Q

Marilyn Diptych

A

Author: Andy Warhol
Title: Marilyn Diptych
Time Period: Pop Art
Synopsis: A grid of repeated images of Marilyn Monroe, commenting on celebrity culture.

80
Q

Infinity Mirror Room

A

Author: Yayoi Kusama
Title: Infinity Mirror Room
Time Period: Contemporary Art
Synopsis: An immersive installation using mirrors and lights to create infinite reflections.

81
Q

Girl with a Balloon

A

Author: Banksy
Title: Girl with a Balloon
Time Period: Street Art
Synopsis: A stenciled image of a girl reaching for a red heart-shaped balloon, symbolizing hope and loss.

82
Q

Sunflower Seeds

A

Author: Ai Weiwei
Title: Sunflower Seeds
Time Period: Contemporary Art
Synopsis: A large installation of millions of handcrafted porcelain seeds, exploring mass production and individuality.

83
Q

Movement

A

Details (Definition, Key Works, Figures)

84
Q

Ancient Greek Art

A

Definition: Focused on idealized human forms, balance, and proportion, influencing Western art.
Key Works: Doryphoros (Polykleitos), Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Phidias)
Key Figures: Phidias, Polykleitos

85
Q

Ancient Roman Art

A

Definition: Emphasized realism and grandeur, including detailed portraits and monumental architecture.
Key Works: Augustus of Prima Porta, Column of Trajan
Key Figures: Roman sculptors and architects

86
Q

Medieval Art

A

Definition: Religious and symbolic, including illuminated manuscripts and Gothic cathedrals.
Key Works: Book of Kells, Chartres Cathedral
Key Figures: Unknown medieval artisans, Giotto

87
Q

Renaissance

A

Definition: Revival of classical ideals, perspective, and naturalism in painting and sculpture.
Key Works: Mona Lisa (da Vinci), The School of Athens (Raphael)
Key Figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

88
Q

Baroque

A

Definition: Dramatic, emotional, and grand, often using intense contrasts of light and shadow.
Key Works: Las Meninas (Velázquez), The Calling of Saint Matthew (Caravaggio)
Key Figures: Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Velázquez

89
Q

Rococo

A

Definition: Ornate, decorative, and lighthearted, often focused on aristocratic leisure.
Key Works: The Swing (Fragonard)
Key Figures: Jean-Honoré Fragonard, François Boucher

90
Q

Neoclassicism

A

Definition: A return to classical simplicity and order, inspired by Greek and Roman art.
Key Works: Oath of the Horatii (David)
Key Figures: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

91
Q

Romanticism

A

Definition: Emphasized emotion, nature, and dramatic compositions.
Key Works: Liberty Leading the People (Delacroix), The Third of May 1808 (Goya)
Key Figures: Eugène Delacroix, Francisco Goya, J.M.W. Turner

92
Q

Realism

A

Definition: Focused on depicting everyday life with honesty and rejection of idealism.
Key Works: The Stone Breakers (Courbet)
Key Figures: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet

93
Q

Impressionism

A

Definition: Captured fleeting moments and light through loose brushwork and bright colors.
Key Works: Impression, Sunrise (Monet), Luncheon of the Boating Party (Renoir)
Key Figures: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir

94
Q

Post-Impressionism

A

Definition: Built on Impressionism but with more focus on structure, color, and personal expression.
Key Works: Starry Night (van Gogh), Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)
Key Figures: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin

95
Q

Fauvism

A

Definition: Used bold, unnatural colors to create emotional impact.
Key Works: The Dance (Matisse)
Key Figures: Henri Matisse, André Derain

96
Q

Cubism

A

Definition: Fragmented objects into geometric shapes and multiple perspectives.
Key Works: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso), Houses at L’Estaque (Braque)
Key Figures: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque

97
Q

Expressionism

A

Definition: Emphasized emotion and distortion to express inner states.
Key Works: The Scream (Munch), Composition VII (Kandinsky)
Key Figures: Edvard Munch, Wassily Kandinsky

98
Q

Dada

A

Definition: Anti-art movement rejecting logic and embracing absurdity.
Key Works: Fountain (Duchamp)
Key Figures: Marcel Duchamp, Hannah Höch

99
Q

Surrealism

A

Definition: Explored dreamlike, subconscious imagery and illogical compositions.
Key Works: The Persistence of Memory (Dalí), The Two Fridas (Kahlo)
Key Figures: Salvador Dalí, Frida Kahlo

100
Q

Abstract Expressionism

A

Definition: Emphasized spontaneous, gestural abstraction and emotional intensity.
Key Works: No. 5, 1948 (Pollock)
Key Figures: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko

101
Q

Pop Art

A

Definition: Incorporated mass media imagery and consumer culture.
Key Works: Marilyn Diptych (Warhol), Whaam! (Lichtenstein)
Key Figures: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein

102
Q

Minimalism

A

Definition: Reduced art to simple geometric shapes and colors.
Key Works: Untitled (Judd)
Key Figures: Donald Judd, Frank Stella

103
Q

Conceptual Art

A

Definition: Focused on the idea behind the work rather than the final product.
Key Works: One and Three Chairs (Kosuth)
Key Figures: Joseph Kosuth, Sol LeWitt

104
Q

Street Art

A

Definition: Art created in public spaces, often political and rebellious.
Key Works: Girl with a Balloon (Banksy)
Key Figures: Banksy, Jean-Michel Basquiat

105
Q

Installation Art

A

Definition: Large-scale, immersive environments or sculptures.
Key Works: Sunflower Seeds (Ai Weiwei)
Key Figures: Ai Weiwei, Olafur Eliasson

106
Q

Performance Art

A

Definition: Art based on the artist’s body and actions, often challenging societal norms.
Key Works: The Artist is Present (Abramović)
Key Figures: Marina Abramović, Yoko Ono

107
Q

Term

A

Definition

108
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Definition: The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to create a sense of volume and depth.

109
Q

Sfumato

A

Definition: A painting technique used to create soft transitions between colors and tones, famously used by Leonardo da Vinci.

110
Q

Perspective

A

Definition: A technique used to represent three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface, developed during the Renaissance.

111
Q

Contrapposto

A

Definition: A stance in sculpture where the weight is shifted onto one leg, creating a naturalistic posture.

112
Q

Fresco

A

Definition: A mural painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to wet plaster, commonly used in Renaissance art.

113
Q

Triptych

A

Definition: A three-panel artwork, often used in religious altarpieces.

114
Q

Foreshortening

A

Definition: A technique used to depict an object or figure in depth by shortening its dimensions.

115
Q

Impasto

A

Definition: A thick application of paint that creates texture and visible brushstrokes.

116
Q

Tenebrism

A

Definition: A dramatic style of painting using deep shadows and strong highlights, associated with Caravaggio.

117
Q

Gilding

A

Definition: The application of thin layers of gold leaf to a surface for decoration.

118
Q

Assemblage

A

Definition: A three-dimensional composition made from found objects and mixed media.

119
Q

Collage

A

Definition: A technique of assembling various materials such as paper, fabric, and photographs onto a surface.

120
Q

Abstract Art

A

Definition: Art that does not attempt to represent reality but instead uses shapes, colors, and forms to express ideas.

121
Q

Avant-Garde

A

Definition: A term describing innovative, experimental, or cutting-edge approaches in the arts.

122
Q

Art Nouveau

A

Definition: A late 19th-century style characterized by flowing, organic forms inspired by nature.

123
Q

Bauhaus

A

Definition: A German design school that emphasized functionality, simplicity, and integration of art and industry.

124
Q

Cubo-Futurism

A

Definition: An art movement combining Cubist fragmentation with Futurist dynamism and motion.

125
Q

Dada

A

Definition: An anti-art movement that rejected conventional aesthetics in favor of absurdity and randomness.

126
Q

De Stijl

A

Definition: A Dutch artistic movement emphasizing geometric abstraction and primary colors.

127
Q

Expressionism

A

Definition: A movement emphasizing emotional intensity and distortion over realistic representation.

128
Q

Fauvism

A

Definition: A style characterized by bold, unnatural colors and strong brushwork, led by Henri Matisse.

129
Q

Golden Ratio

A

Definition: A mathematical ratio found in nature and classical art, believed to create aesthetically pleasing compositions.

130
Q

Iconography

A

Definition: The study of symbols and themes in art and their cultural significance.

131
Q

Minimalism

A

Definition: A movement focusing on simplicity, geometric forms, and limited color palettes.

132
Q

Op Art

A

Definition: A style that uses optical illusions to create movement and depth.

133
Q

Pointillism

A

Definition: A painting technique using small dots of color to form an image, developed by Georges Seurat.

134
Q

Readymade

A

Definition: An ordinary object selected by an artist and presented as art, popularized by Marcel Duchamp.

135
Q

Trompe-l’œil

A

Definition: A technique that creates the illusion of three-dimensionality on a flat surface.

136
Q

Color Theory

A

Definition: The study of how colors interact, including complementary, analogous, and monochromatic schemes.

137
Q

Hatching

A

Definition: A drawing technique using parallel lines to create shading and texture.

138
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Definition: A system of creating depth in a two-dimensional work by converging parallel lines towards a vanishing point.

139
Q

Vanishing Point

A

Definition: The point at which parallel lines appear to converge in a perspective drawing.

140
Q

Negative Space

A

Definition: The empty or background areas in an artwork that help define the main subject.

141
Q

Relief Sculpture

A

Definition: A sculptural technique where figures are raised from a flat background, such as in bas-relief and high relief.

142
Q

Foil

A

Definition: The contrast between two elements in an artwork to enhance their individual characteristics.

143
Q

Palette

A

Definition: The range of colors used in a painting or the physical board on which an artist mixes paints.

144
Q

Tripartite Composition

A

Definition: A three-part division in artwork for balance and structure.

145
Q

Atmospheric Perspective

A

Definition: A technique using color and clarity to create the illusion of depth, often seen in landscapes.

146
Q

Stippling

A

Definition: A drawing method using small dots to create shading and gradients.

147
Q

Brushwork

A

Definition: The technique and style in which an artist applies paint to a canvas.

148
Q

Underpainting

A

Definition: A preliminary layer of paint applied to a canvas before the final layers are added.

149
Q

En Plein Air

A

Definition: The act of painting outdoors, associated with Impressionist artists.

150
Q

Rococo

A

Definition: An 18th-century style characterized by lightness, decorative detail, and pastel colors.

151
Q

Symbolism

A

Definition: An art movement emphasizing metaphorical and dreamlike imagery to convey deeper meanings.

152
Q

Kinetic Art

A

Definition: Art that incorporates movement, often using motors or wind-powered elements.

153
Q

Optical Mixing

A

Definition: The effect of colors blending visually rather than being physically mixed.

154
Q

Action Painting

A

Definition: A style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dripped or splattered onto a canvas, associated with Jackson Pollock.

155
Q

Silkscreen Printing

A

Definition: A printmaking technique using a mesh screen to transfer ink onto a surface, popular in Pop Art.

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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