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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What period is known as the Age of Exploration?

A

15th-17th centuries, driven by trade, technology, and European ambition

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2
Q

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?

A

A Portuguese prince who sponsored early exploration along the African coast

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3
Q

What significant achievement is Bartolomeu Dias known for?

A

Rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, opening the route to Asia

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4
Q

Who was the first European to sail directly to India via the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Vasco da Gama in 1498

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5
Q

What was Christopher Columbus seeking when he reached the Americas in 1492?

A

A westward route to Asia

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6
Q

What does the Columbian Exchange refer to?

A

A widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and cultures between the Old and New Worlds

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7
Q

Who was Hernán Cortés?

A

A Spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec Empire in 1521

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8
Q

What was Tenochtitlán?

A

The Aztec capital, built on an island in Lake Texcoco, later destroyed by the Spanish

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9
Q

Who was Montezuma II?

A

The last Aztec emperor, captured and killed during the Spanish conquest

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10
Q

What did Francisco Pizarro accomplish?

A

Conquered the Inca Empire in 1533

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11
Q

Who was Atahualpa?

A

The last Inca emperor, executed by Spanish forces under Pizarro

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12
Q

What was the Encomienda System?

A

A Spanish colonial labor system that exploited indigenous peoples for economic gain

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13
Q

Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?

A

A Spanish priest who spoke out against the mistreatment of Native Americans

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14
Q

What does the Atlantic Slave Trade refer to?

A

The forced migration of Africans to the Americas for labor on plantations

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15
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The brutal voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas

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16
Q

Who was Olaudah Equiano?

A

A former enslaved African who wrote a famous autobiography detailing his experiences

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17
Q

What was the Kingdom of Kongo?

A

A powerful African state engaged in trade with Portugal, affected by the slave trade

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18
Q

Who was Mansa Musa?

A

A ruler of the Mali Empire known for his immense wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324

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19
Q

What is Timbuktu known for?

A

A major center of learning and trade in West Africa, flourishing under the Mali and Songhai Empires

20
Q

What was the Ming Dynasty?

A

A Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) known for restoring Chinese rule, expanding trade, and building the Great Wall

21
Q

Who was Zheng He?

A

A Ming admiral who led massive naval expeditions across the Indian Ocean

22
Q

What is the Forbidden City?

A

A vast imperial palace complex in Beijing, built during the Ming Dynasty

23
Q

What was the Qing Dynasty?

A

The last imperial dynasty of China (1644-1912), established by the Manchu people

24
Q

What was the Tokugawa Shogunate?

A

A military government in Japan (1603-1868) that enforced strict isolationist policies

25
Q

Who were the Samurai?

A

The warrior class of Japan, serving daimyo lords under the feudal system

26
Q

What is Bushido?

A

The code of honor and conduct followed by samurai in Japan

27
Q

What was the Edo Period?

A

A time of peace and isolation in Japan under Tokugawa rule, fostering cultural development

28
Q

What was the Dutch East India Company?

A

A powerful trading corporation that dominated Asian trade in the 17th century

29
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

A 1494 agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal

30
Q

What were the Jesuit Missions in Asia?

A

Efforts by Catholic missionaries to convert people in China and Japan to Christianity

31
Q

What is the Protestant Work Ethic?

A

A belief emphasizing hard work, thrift, and prosperity as a sign of divine favor

32
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

An economic policy that promoted government regulation of trade to benefit the state

33
Q

What was the British East India Company?

A

A trading corporation that established British control in India

34
Q

What were the Sugar Plantations?

A

Large-scale agricultural enterprises in the Caribbean and Brazil that relied on enslaved labor

35
Q

What were the Spanish Galleons?

A

Large ships that transported gold, silver, and goods between the Americas and Spain

36
Q

What were the Silver Mines of Potosí?

A

A major source of Spanish wealth in the Americas, worked by forced indigenous labor

37
Q

What was the Pueblo Revolt (1680)?

A

A successful Native American uprising against Spanish rule in present-day New Mexico

38
Q

What were the Salem Witch Trials (1692)?

A

A series of witchcraft accusations and executions in colonial Massachusetts

39
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

A period of major advancements in science that challenged traditional beliefs

40
Q

Who was Isaac Newton?

A

A scientist who formulated the laws of motion and gravity

41
Q

What device did Galileo use to observe celestial bodies?

A

Galileo’s Telescope

42
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights

43
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

A philosopher who argued for natural rights and government by consent of the governed

44
Q

Who was Montesquieu?

A

A political thinker who advocated for separation of powers in government

45
Q

What was the French and Indian War (1754-1763)?

A

A conflict between Britain and France in North America, leading to British dominance

46
Q

What was the American Revolution (1775-1783)?

A

A war for independence fought by the American colonies against British rule

47
Q

What was the global impact of the Age of Encounter?

A

Reshaped global trade, cultures, and power structures, leading to new empires and conflicts

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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