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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Northern Renaissance?

A

A cultural movement in Northern Europe that combined humanism with religious themes.

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2
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johannes Gutenberg.

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3
Q

What is the Gutenberg Bible?

A

The first major book printed using movable type, making the Bible more accessible.

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4
Q

Define Christian Humanism.

A

A blend of Renaissance humanism and religious ideals, promoting moral and societal reform.

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5
Q

Who is Desiderius Erasmus?

A

A Dutch humanist who wrote In Praise of Folly, criticizing Church corruption and advocating reform.

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6
Q

What is Utopia?

A

A book by Thomas More describing an ideal society based on reason and communal property.

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7
Q

Name a famous work by Albrecht Dürer.

A

Melencolia I.

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8
Q

Who painted The Garden of Earthly Delights?

A

Hieronymus Bosch.

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9
Q

What themes are depicted in Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s works?

A

Peasant life and social satire.

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10
Q

Who is known for the portrait The Ambassadors?

A

Hans Holbein the Younger.

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11
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

A religious movement challenging Catholic doctrines, leading to Protestant churches.

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12
Q

What did Martin Luther do in 1517?

A

Posted the 95 Theses.

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13
Q

What were the 95 Theses?

A

A document criticizing Church corruption, particularly the sale of indulgences.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Luther’s belief that salvation comes through _______ alone, not Church rituals.

A

faith

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15
Q

What happened at the Diet of Worms?

A

Martin Luther refused to recant his teachings, leading to his excommunication.

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16
Q

Who developed the doctrine of predestination?

A

John Calvin.

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17
Q

What is predestination?

A

Calvinist belief that God has already chosen who will be saved.

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18
Q

What is the Anglican Church?

A

The Church of England, founded by Henry VIII after breaking from the Catholic Church.

19
Q

Why did Henry VIII establish the Church of England?

A

To annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

20
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy (1534) declare?

A

Henry VIII the head of the Church of England.

21
Q

What was the Counter-Reformation?

A

The Catholic Church’s response to Protestantism, reforming abuses and reaffirming doctrines.

22
Q

What was the Council of Trent?

A

A series of meetings (1545-1563) that clarified Catholic doctrine and reformed practices.

23
Q

Who founded the Jesuits?

A

Ignatius of Loyola.

24
Q

What is Baroque Art characterized by?

A

Drama, movement, and emotional intensity.

25
Q

Who is Caravaggio?

A

A Baroque painter known for dramatic lighting and realism.

26
Q

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

A

A Church-led effort to root out heresy in Spain, often using harsh methods.

27
Q

What did the Edict of Nantes (1598) grant?

A

Religious tolerance to Protestants in France.

28
Q

What was the Thirty Years’ War?

A

A devastating religious conflict in Europe between Catholics and Protestants.

29
Q

What did the Peace of Westphalia (1648) establish?

A

The modern state system.

30
Q

Who were the Huguenots?

A

French Protestants who faced persecution.

31
Q

What did the Puritans seek to do?

A

Purify the Church of England of Catholic influences.

32
Q

What were the Witch Hunts?

A

A period of persecution in the 16th-17th centuries, often targeting women accused of witchcraft.

33
Q

Who is William Shakespeare?

A

An English playwright whose works explored human nature and politics.

34
Q

What themes are explored in Shakespeare’s Hamlet?

A

Revenge, madness, and existential doubt.

35
Q

Who was Elizabeth I?

A

The English queen who strengthened Protestantism and oversaw a golden age of culture.

36
Q

What was the Spanish Armada (1588)?

A

A failed attempt by Spain to invade England.

37
Q

Who is Christopher Marlowe?

A

An English playwright and poet, often considered a precursor to Shakespeare.

38
Q

What is the significance of the King James Bible (1611)?

A

An influential English translation of the Bible commissioned by King James I.

39
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

A period of major advancements in science that challenged medieval worldviews.

40
Q

Who developed the scientific method?

A

Francis Bacon.

41
Q

What did Galileo Galilei support?

A

Heliocentrism through telescopic observations.

42
Q

What was the legacy of the Reformation?

A

Led to religious pluralism and influenced democratic ideas, but also caused conflicts and persecution.

43
Q

What is the Enlightenment?

A

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights.

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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