Movements

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

Details

Question 2

Ancient Greek Classicism

Answer 2

Dates: 5th–4th Century BCE
Key Figures: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Phidias
Key Works: The Parthenon, Oedipus Rex (Sophocles)
Blurb: A movement emphasizing balance, harmony, and idealized forms in art, philosophy, and literature.

Question 3

Roman Classicism

Answer 3

Dates: 1st Century BCE–5th Century CE
Key Figures: Virgil, Seneca, Augustus, Vitruvius
Key Works: Aeneid (Virgil), Roman aqueducts
Blurb: Adopted Greek ideals but emphasized practicality, engineering, and civic grandeur.

Question 4

Byzantine Art

Answer 4

Dates: 4th–15th Century
Key Figures: Justinian I, Theophanes the Greek
Key Works: Hagia Sophia mosaics
Blurb: Religious art dominated by gold backgrounds, flattened figures, and spiritual themes.

Question 5

Medieval Scholasticism

Answer 5

Dates: 12th–15th Century
Key Figures: Thomas Aquinas, Dante Alighieri
Key Works: Summa Theologica (Aquinas), Divine Comedy (Dante)
Blurb: A fusion of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy, seeking to reconcile faith and reason.

Question 6

Gothic Art & Architecture

Answer 6

Dates: 12th–16th Century
Key Figures: Abbot Suger
Key Works: Notre-Dame Cathedral, Chartres Cathedral
Blurb: Characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained glass, expressing religious transcendence.

Question 7

Renaissance

Answer 7

Dates: 14th–17th Century
Key Figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Shakespeare
Key Works: Mona Lisa (da Vinci), David (Michelangelo), Hamlet (Shakespeare)
Blurb: A revival of classical humanism emphasizing individualism, realism, and scientific discovery.

Question 8

Baroque

Answer 8

Dates: 17th–18th Century
Key Figures: Caravaggio, Johann Sebastian Bach, Peter Paul Rubens
Key Works: The Calling of St. Matthew (Caravaggio), Brandenburg Concertos (Bach)
Blurb: A dramatic, ornate style in art, music, and architecture emphasizing grandeur and emotion.

Question 9

Rococo

Answer 9

Dates: 18th Century
Key Figures: François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Key Works: The Swing (Fragonard)
Blurb: Lighthearted, decorative, and elaborate, often focusing on aristocratic leisure.

Question 10

Neoclassicism

Answer 10

Dates: Late 18th–Early 19th Century
Key Figures: Jacques-Louis David, Goethe, Mozart
Key Works: Oath of the Horatii (David), The Sorrows of Young Werther (Goethe)
Blurb: A return to classical ideals of symmetry, simplicity, and rationality, often in reaction to Baroque excess.

Question 11

Romanticism

Answer 11

Dates: Late 18th–Mid 19th Century
Key Figures: Beethoven, Lord Byron, Francisco Goya
Key Works: Ninth Symphony (Beethoven), Liberty Leading the People (Delacroix)
Blurb: Valued emotion, nature, and individualism, often in contrast to Enlightenment rationalism.

Question 12

Realism

Answer 12

Dates: Mid–Late 19th Century
Key Figures: Gustave Courbet, Leo Tolstoy, Émile Zola
Key Works: The Stone Breakers (Courbet), War and Peace (Tolstoy)
Blurb: Sought to depict everyday life truthfully, often focusing on social issues and the working class.

Question 13

Impressionism

Answer 13

Dates: Late 19th Century
Key Figures: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Debussy
Key Works: Impression, Sunrise (Monet), Clair de Lune (Debussy)
Blurb: Captured fleeting moments and the effects of light, breaking from academic traditions.

Question 14

Post-Impressionism

Answer 14

Dates: Late 19th–Early 20th Century
Key Figures: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin
Key Works: Starry Night (van Gogh), Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)
Blurb: Expanded Impressionism with more emphasis on structure, symbolism, and personal expression.

Question 15

Symbolism

Answer 15

Dates: Late 19th Century
Key Figures: Stéphane Mallarmé, Gustav Klimt
Key Works: The Kiss (Klimt), Afternoon of a Faun (Debussy)
Blurb: Rejected realism in favor of dreamlike imagery and emotional depth.

Question 16

Art Nouveau

Answer 16

Dates: Late 19th–Early 20th Century
Key Figures: Alphonse Mucha, Antoni Gaudí
Key Works: Casa Batlló (Gaudí), The Four Seasons (Mucha)
Blurb: A decorative style with organic forms and intricate details, merging art and design.

Question 17

Fauvism

Answer 17

Dates: Early 20th Century
Key Figures: Henri Matisse, André Derain
Key Works: Woman with a Hat (Matisse)
Blurb: Used bold, unnatural colors to create emotional impact rather than realistic depictions.

Question 18

Cubism

Answer 18

Dates: Early 20th Century
Key Figures: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque
Key Works: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso)
Blurb: Deconstructed objects into geometric forms, breaking traditional perspective.

Question 19

Surrealism

Answer 19

Dates: 1920s–1940s
Key Figures: Salvador Dalí, André Breton
Key Works: The Persistence of Memory (Dalí)
Blurb: Explored the unconscious mind and dream imagery, influenced by Freud.

Question 20

Abstract Expressionism

Answer 20

Dates: 1940s–1950s
Key Figures: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko
Key Works: No. 5, 1948 (Pollock)
Blurb: Emphasized spontaneous, gestural painting as a means of emotional expression.

Question 21

Pop Art

Answer 21

Dates: 1950s–1960s
Key Figures: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein
Key Works: Marilyn Diptych (Warhol)
Blurb: Used imagery from popular culture and mass production to challenge fine art traditions.

Question 22

Minimalism

Answer 22

Dates: 1960s–1970s
Key Figures: Donald Judd, Philip Glass
Key Works: Untitled Stack (Judd), Einstein on the Beach (Glass)
Blurb: Stripped down art and music to fundamental forms and repetition.

Question 23

Postmodernism

Answer 23

Dates: 1970s–Present
Key Figures: Jean-François Lyotard, Cindy Sherman
Key Works: Untitled Film Stills (Sherman)
Blurb: Questioned absolute truths and embraced irony, intertextuality, and fragmentation.

Question 24

Street Art & Graffiti

Answer 24

Dates: 1980s–Present
Key Figures: Banksy, Keith Haring
Key Works: Girl with Balloon (Banksy)
Blurb: Used public spaces as canvases, often commenting on politics and social issues.