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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Minoan Civilization known for?

A

Palace culture and vibrant frescoes

This early Aegean civilization was located on Crete.

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2
Q

What is Knossos?

A

The largest palace of the Minoans, possibly associated with the myth of the Minotaur.

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3
Q

What is Linear A?

A

The undeciphered script used by the Minoans for record-keeping.

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4
Q

What characterized the Mycenaean Civilization?

A

A militaristic civilization on mainland Greece that flourished before the Greek Dark Ages.

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5
Q

What is Linear B?

A

An early form of Greek writing used by the Mycenaeans, deciphered as a syllabic script.

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6
Q

Who is the author of The Iliad?

A

Homer.

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7
Q

What is The Odyssey about?

A

Odysseus’ journey home after the Trojan War.

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8
Q

What was the Trojan War?

A

A legendary conflict between Mycenaeans and Trojans, possibly based on real events.

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9
Q

Define Greek Polis.

A

A city-state, the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece.

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10
Q

What is Athens known for?

A

Democracy, philosophy, and the arts.

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11
Q

Describe Sparta.

A

A Greek city-state with a militaristic and oligarchic society.

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12
Q

What is democracy?

A

A system of government where citizens participate in decision-making.

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13
Q

What does ostracism refer to in Athenian politics?

A

The practice of exiling individuals deemed a threat to democracy.

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14
Q

List the three styles of Greek columns.

A
  • Doric
  • Ionic
  • Corinthian
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15
Q

What is The Parthenon?

A

A temple dedicated to Athena, an example of Classical Greek architecture.

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16
Q

What does philosophy mean?

A

The love of wisdom.

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17
Q

Who was Socrates?

A

A philosopher who used questioning to seek truth and was executed for corrupting Athenian youth.

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18
Q

What did Plato write?

A

The Republic.

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19
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

A philosopher who emphasized empirical observation and tutored Alexander the Great.

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20
Q

What were the Persian Wars?

A

Conflicts between Greece and Persia (499-449 BCE).

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21
Q

What occurred at the Battle of Marathon?

A

A Greek victory over Persia in 490 BCE.

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22
Q

What is the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

A famous last stand by King Leonidas and 300 Spartans against Persia.

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23
Q

What was the Delian League?

A

An alliance led by Athens to defend against Persia.

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24
Q

Describe the Peloponnesian War.

A

A war between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BCE) that weakened Greek city-states.

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25
Q

What was the Golden Age of Greece?

A

A period of cultural and political flourishing in Athens during the 5th century BCE.

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26
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

An Athenian statesman who expanded democracy and commissioned the Parthenon.

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27
Q

What is Greek Tragedy?

A

A dramatic genre dealing with fate and human suffering.

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28
Q

What is Greek Comedy?

A

A dramatic genre that used satire and humor.

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29
Q

What is The Hellenistic World?

A

The era following Alexander the Great’s conquests, blending Greek and Eastern cultures.

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30
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

The Macedonian ruler who created a vast empire and spread Hellenistic culture.

31
Q

What was Alexandria known for?

A

A major Hellenistic city in Egypt, home to the Great Library.

32
Q

Who was Aristarchus?

A

A Hellenistic astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe.

33
Q

What is Euclid known for?

A

Being known as the ‘Father of Geometry’.

34
Q

What did Archimedes contribute to science?

A

Work in physics, engineering, and mathematics.

35
Q

What is the significance of Heinrich Schliemann?

A

The archaeologist who excavated Troy and Mycenae.

36
Q

What are frescoes?

A

Wall paintings created using wet plaster.

37
Q

Who is The Snake Goddess?

A

A Minoan religious figure thought to represent fertility.

38
Q

What was the Dark Age of Greece?

A

A period marked by loss of literacy and cultural decline (c. 1100-800 BCE).

39
Q

What is the Greek Alphabet?

A

Developed in the 8th century BCE, adapted from the Phoenician script.

40
Q

Define Agora.

A

The central public space in Greek city-states for political, social, and commercial activities.

41
Q

What is an Acropolis?

A

A fortified hilltop in Greek cities, most famously in Athens.

42
Q

Who were the Helots?

A

The enslaved population in Sparta.

43
Q

What is the Gerousia?

A

The Spartan council of elders who advised the kings.

44
Q

What was the Agoge?

A

The rigorous military training system for Spartan boys starting at age 7.

45
Q

Who was Draco?

A

An Athenian lawmaker known for his harsh legal code.

46
Q

Who was Solon?

A

An Athenian statesman who reformed laws and laid the foundation for democracy.

47
Q

What was the Persian Empire?

A

A vast empire that clashed with Greece in the Persian Wars.

48
Q

Who was Themistocles?

A

An Athenian general who championed a strong navy.

49
Q

What happened at the Battle of Salamis?

A

A decisive naval battle in 480 BCE where the Athenian navy defeated the Persians.

50
Q

What is Delphi known for?

A

A major religious sanctuary in ancient Greece, home to the Oracle of Apollo.

51
Q

Who is Herodotus?

A

The ‘Father of History,’ known for writing The Histories.

52
Q

Who was Thucydides?

A

A historian who wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War.

53
Q

Who was Aspasia?

A

A highly educated woman and companion of Pericles.

54
Q

What is The Erechtheion?

A

A temple on the Acropolis of Athens known for its Caryatid columns.

55
Q

Who is Dionysus?

A

The Greek god of wine, fertility, and theater.

56
Q

What is Aeschylus known for?

A

One of the earliest Greek tragedians, known for The Oresteia.

57
Q

What did Sophocles contribute to drama?

A

Wrote Oedipus Rex and refined dramatic structure.

58
Q

Who was Euripides?

A

A Greek tragedian known for questioning social norms.

59
Q

Who was Aristophanes?

A

A Greek comedic playwright who wrote Lysistrata.

60
Q

What was the Corinthian League?

A

A military alliance of Greek states created by Philip II.

61
Q

Who was Philip II of Macedon?

A

The father of Alexander the Great who conquered Greece.

62
Q

What was Ptolemaic Egypt?

A

A Hellenistic kingdom founded by Ptolemy I.

63
Q

What is The Library of Alexandria?

A

One of the largest libraries of the ancient world.

64
Q

What was The Colossus of Rhodes?

A

A massive Hellenistic statue of the sun god Helios.

65
Q

What is The Laocoön Group?

A

A famous Hellenistic sculpture depicting a Trojan priest.

66
Q

Who are The Cynics?

A

A school of philosophy founded by Diogenes.

67
Q

What do the Stoics emphasize?

A

Self-control and rationality.

68
Q

What is the main belief of the Epicureans?

A

Seeking pleasure through simple living.

69
Q

What is the Hippocratic Oath?

A

An ethical code for physicians attributed to Hippocrates.

70
Q

What is the Antikythera Mechanism?

A

An ancient Greek device used for astronomical calculations.

71
Q

How did the Romans influence Greek culture?

A

They adopted Greek art, literature, and philosophy but emphasized practicality.

72
Q

Describe the Doric Order.

A

The simplest and most sturdy Greek column style.

73
Q

What characterizes the Ionic Order?

A

A decorative column style with scroll-like volutes.

74
Q

What is the Corinthian Order known for?

A

The most ornate of the Greek column styles.

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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