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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What civilization influenced Roman architecture, religion, and urban planning?

A

The Etruscans

The Etruscans were a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.

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2
Q

Who are the mythical twin brothers that founded Rome according to legend?

A

Romulus and Remus

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3
Q

What was the political system in Rome from 509–27 BCE?

A

The Roman Republic

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4
Q

What governing body in the Roman Republic was composed of aristocrats?

A

The Senate

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5
Q

Who were the Roman aristocratic class that held most political and economic power?

A

Patricians

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6
Q

Who were the common people of Rome that fought for political representation?

A

Plebeians

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7
Q

What were the earliest written Roman laws called?

A

The Twelve Tables

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8
Q

What were the two chief magistrates in the Roman Republic called?

A

Consuls

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9
Q

What series of wars occurred between Rome and Carthage from 264–146 BCE?

A

Punic Wars

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10
Q

Who was the Carthaginian general that led an invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War?

A

Hannibal

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11
Q

What phrase is associated with Cato the Elder regarding Carthage?

A

‘Carthago delenda est’ (Carthage must be destroyed)

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12
Q

Who was the Roman general and dictator assassinated in 44 BCE?

A

Julius Caesar

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13
Q

What significant event did Julius Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BCE signal?

A

Civil war in Rome

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14
Q

Who was the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE to 14 CE?

A

Augustus (Octavian)

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15
Q

What period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire lasted from 27 BCE to 180 CE?

A

Pax Romana

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16
Q

What was the political, economic, and religious center of ancient Rome called?

A

Roman Forum

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17
Q

What was the massive Roman amphitheater used for gladiatorial contests?

A

The Colosseum

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18
Q

What term refers to armed combatants who fought in public arenas for entertainment?

A

Gladiators

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19
Q

What engineering marvels transported water to Roman cities?

A

Aqueducts

20
Q

What extensive networks facilitated trade, communication, and military movement across the empire?

A

Roman Roads

21
Q

What epic poem celebrates Rome’s origins and its destiny?

A

Virgil’s Aeneid

22
Q

Who was the Roman poet known for lyrical odes and satires emphasizing moderation?

A

Horace

23
Q

What is the name of Ovid’s collection of mythological tales focusing on transformation?

A

Ovid’s Metamorphoses

24
Q

What philosophy emphasized virtue, reason, and self-control in Rome?

A

Stoicism

25
Q

Who was the Roman orator and philosopher that promoted republican ideals?

A

Cicero

26
Q

What public complexes served as social and cultural hubs in Roman cities?

A

Roman Baths

27
Q

What Roman city was buried in volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE?

A

Pompeii

28
Q

Who was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity?

A

Constantine the Great

29
Q

What decree issued by Constantine in 313 CE legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?

A

Edict of Milan

30
Q

What foundational statement of Christian beliefs was established at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE?

A

The Nicene Creed

31
Q

What event marks the decline and eventual collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

A

The Fall of Rome

32
Q

What term refers to the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople?

A

Byzantine Empire

33
Q

What Roman temple is dedicated to all gods and features a massive dome?

A

The Pantheon

34
Q

What intricate artworks, often decorating floors and walls, are made from small pieces of colored stone?

A

Roman Mosaics

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The Republic was governed by ________, while the Empire was ruled by an emperor.

A

elected officials

36
Q

What large Roman stadium was used for chariot racing?

A

The Circus Maximus

37
Q

What defensive fortification marked the northern boundary of Roman-controlled territory in Britain?

A

Hadrian’s Wall

38
Q

What system of rule, introduced by Emperor Diocletian, divided the empire into four regions?

A

The Tetrarchy

39
Q

What language served as the official language of Rome?

A

The Latin Language

40
Q

Who was a prominent Roman physician and surgeon whose theories influenced European medicine?

A

Galen

41
Q

What is one of the oldest and most important Roman roads connecting Rome to southern Italy?

A

The Appian Way

42
Q

What ceremonial procession was granted to victorious generals in ancient Rome?

A

Roman Triumph

43
Q

What legal status granted rights and protections under Roman law?

A

Roman Citizenship

44
Q

What is the meeting place of the Roman Senate called?

A

The Senate House (Curia)

45
Q

True or False: Roman law, government, engineering, and language did not influence Western civilization after the empire’s fall.

A

False

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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