Chapter 3 Flashcards
What civilization influenced Roman architecture, religion, and urban planning?
The Etruscans
The Etruscans were a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.
Who are the mythical twin brothers that founded Rome according to legend?
Romulus and Remus
What was the political system in Rome from 509–27 BCE?
The Roman Republic
What governing body in the Roman Republic was composed of aristocrats?
The Senate
Who were the Roman aristocratic class that held most political and economic power?
Patricians
Who were the common people of Rome that fought for political representation?
Plebeians
What were the earliest written Roman laws called?
The Twelve Tables
What were the two chief magistrates in the Roman Republic called?
Consuls
What series of wars occurred between Rome and Carthage from 264–146 BCE?
Punic Wars
Who was the Carthaginian general that led an invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
What phrase is associated with Cato the Elder regarding Carthage?
‘Carthago delenda est’ (Carthage must be destroyed)
Who was the Roman general and dictator assassinated in 44 BCE?
Julius Caesar
What significant event did Julius Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BCE signal?
Civil war in Rome
Who was the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE to 14 CE?
Augustus (Octavian)
What period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire lasted from 27 BCE to 180 CE?
Pax Romana
What was the political, economic, and religious center of ancient Rome called?
Roman Forum
What was the massive Roman amphitheater used for gladiatorial contests?
The Colosseum
What term refers to armed combatants who fought in public arenas for entertainment?
Gladiators
What engineering marvels transported water to Roman cities?
Aqueducts
What extensive networks facilitated trade, communication, and military movement across the empire?
Roman Roads
What epic poem celebrates Rome’s origins and its destiny?
Virgil’s Aeneid
Who was the Roman poet known for lyrical odes and satires emphasizing moderation?
Horace
What is the name of Ovid’s collection of mythological tales focusing on transformation?
Ovid’s Metamorphoses
What philosophy emphasized virtue, reason, and self-control in Rome?
Stoicism
Who was the Roman orator and philosopher that promoted republican ideals?
Cicero
What public complexes served as social and cultural hubs in Roman cities?
Roman Baths
What Roman city was buried in volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE?
Pompeii
Who was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity?
Constantine the Great
What decree issued by Constantine in 313 CE legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?
Edict of Milan
What foundational statement of Christian beliefs was established at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE?
The Nicene Creed
What event marks the decline and eventual collapse of the Western Roman Empire?
The Fall of Rome
What term refers to the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople?
Byzantine Empire
What Roman temple is dedicated to all gods and features a massive dome?
The Pantheon
What intricate artworks, often decorating floors and walls, are made from small pieces of colored stone?
Roman Mosaics
Fill in the blank: The Republic was governed by ________, while the Empire was ruled by an emperor.
elected officials
What large Roman stadium was used for chariot racing?
The Circus Maximus
What defensive fortification marked the northern boundary of Roman-controlled territory in Britain?
Hadrian’s Wall
What system of rule, introduced by Emperor Diocletian, divided the empire into four regions?
The Tetrarchy
What language served as the official language of Rome?
The Latin Language
Who was a prominent Roman physician and surgeon whose theories influenced European medicine?
Galen
What is one of the oldest and most important Roman roads connecting Rome to southern Italy?
The Appian Way
What ceremonial procession was granted to victorious generals in ancient Rome?
Roman Triumph
What legal status granted rights and protections under Roman law?
Roman Citizenship
What is the meeting place of the Roman Senate called?
The Senate House (Curia)
True or False: Roman law, government, engineering, and language did not influence Western civilization after the empire’s fall.
False
