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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gothic architecture characterized by?

A

Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

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2
Q

What is a flying buttress?

A

An external support structure that allowed for taller buildings with large stained-glass windows.

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3
Q

What does a ribbed vault do?

A

Distributes weight and allows for higher ceilings in Gothic cathedrals.

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4
Q

What is a pointed arch?

A

A defining element of Gothic architecture that enabled greater height and more intricate designs.

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5
Q

Name a famous Gothic cathedral known for its flying buttresses.

A

Notre-Dame de Paris.

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6
Q

What is Chartres Cathedral renowned for?

A

Its stained-glass windows and harmonious proportions.

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7
Q

What is a rose window?

A

A large circular stained-glass window commonly found in Gothic cathedrals.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a gargoyle?

A

A carved stone creature on Gothic buildings, often serving as a water spout.

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9
Q

Define ‘grotesque’ in the context of Gothic architecture.

A

A decorative sculpture on Gothic buildings, typically fantastical or monstrous in appearance.

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10
Q

How does Gothic architecture differ from Romanesque architecture?

A

Gothic architecture emphasized height and light, while Romanesque had thick walls and small windows.

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11
Q

What is the Scholastic Method?

A

A medieval intellectual approach that sought to reconcile faith with reason, promoted by Thomas Aquinas.

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12
Q

Who was Thomas Aquinas?

A

A philosopher and theologian who wrote Summa Theologica, integrating Aristotelian logic with Christian doctrine.

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13
Q

What role did universities play in the Middle Ages?

A

Centers of higher learning, often affiliated with the Church, teaching theology, law, and philosophy.

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14
Q

What are Gothic manuscripts?

A

Illuminated books with elaborate decorations, often created by monks and scholars.

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15
Q

Who was Hildegard of Bingen?

A

A mystic and composer who wrote visionary theological works and music.

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16
Q

What is Dante Alighieri known for?

A

An Italian poet known for The Divine Comedy, which describes a journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven.

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17
Q

What are the main themes explored in The Divine Comedy?

A

Justice, sin, and redemption.

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18
Q

Who was Giotto di Bondone?

A

An Italian painter who pioneered naturalism and depth in frescoes, marking a transition to Renaissance art.

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19
Q

What is fresco painting?

A

A technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster, used in medieval and Renaissance art.

20
Q

What was the Black Death?

A

A devastating plague that reshaped European society and influenced artistic themes of mortality.

21
Q

What is the Dance of Death (Danse Macabre)?

A

A medieval artistic theme that depicted death as an unavoidable force affecting all social classes.

22
Q

Who is known as the ‘Father of Humanism’?

A

Petrarch.

23
Q

Define humanism.

A

A Renaissance intellectual movement emphasizing classical learning and the dignity of the individual.

24
Q

What is Gothic literature characterized by?

A

Dark, supernatural storytelling that emerged in later periods but had roots in medieval religious drama.

25
Q

What is mysticism?

A

A spiritual tradition emphasizing direct experiences of the divine, prominent in medieval theology.

26
Q

What are medieval morality plays?

A

Dramatic performances teaching Christian ethics through allegorical characters.

27
Q

What was the Ars Nova?

A

A 14th-century musical movement introducing rhythmic complexity and secular themes.

28
Q

Who was Guillaume de Machaut?

A

A composer and poet known for developing polyphonic music in the medieval period.

29
Q

What is polyphony?

A

A musical style featuring multiple independent melodic lines, a hallmark of Gothic-era music.

30
Q

What was the Hundred Years’ War?

A

A long conflict between England and France, influencing medieval politics and culture.

31
Q

Who was Joan of Arc?

A

A French peasant girl who led armies against the English, claiming divine inspiration.

32
Q

What was the Great Schism?

A

A split within the Catholic Church where rival popes claimed authority in Rome and Avignon.

33
Q

What occurred during the Avignon Papacy?

A

The Pope resided in Avignon, France, rather than in Rome, causing tensions in the Church.

34
Q

Who was John Wycliffe?

A

An early reformer who criticized Church corruption and translated the Bible into English.

35
Q

Who was Jan Hus?

A

A Czech religious reformer who was executed for challenging Church authority.

36
Q

What was the impact of Gothic art and architecture on the Renaissance?

A

Gothic art and architecture influenced the Renaissance, preserving a blend of medieval and classical traditions.

37
Q

What did the Gutenberg Printing Press revolutionize?

A

Knowledge dissemination, leading to increased literacy and the spread of Renaissance ideas.

38
Q

What was the significance of the Fall of Constantinople?

A

The Ottoman conquest marked the end of the Middle Ages.

39
Q

Why did Italy become the cultural center of Europe during the Renaissance?

A

Due to trade, classical heritage, and patronage.

40
Q

Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?

A

An architect who designed the dome of Florence Cathedral, pioneering Renaissance engineering.

41
Q

What did Leon Battista Alberti write about?

A

Architecture, painting, and perspective.

42
Q

What characterized early Renaissance art?

A

Artists like Masaccio and Donatello revived classical realism and human anatomy in their works.

43
Q

Who was the Medici family?

A

A powerful banking family in Florence that funded many Renaissance artists and scholars.

44
Q

Who was Fra Angelico?

A

A Dominican friar known for his religious frescoes blending Gothic and Renaissance styles.

45
Q

What was the continuity and change in the transition to Renaissance art?

A

Gothic naturalism influenced the Renaissance focus on perspective, realism, and individualism.

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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