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Humanities CLEP > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the Fall of Rome occur?

A

476 CE

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2
Q

What was the Byzantine Empire?

A

Continuation of the Roman Empire in the East, centered in Constantinople, lasting until 1453 CE

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3
Q

Who was Justinian I?

A

Byzantine emperor who codified Roman law (Justinian’s Code) and built the Hagia Sophia

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4
Q

What is the Hagia Sophia known for?

A

A grand church in Constantinople, later a mosque, known for its massive dome and mosaics

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5
Q

What was the Iconoclasm Controversy?

A

A Byzantine dispute over the use of religious images (icons), leading to their destruction in some periods

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6
Q

Who was Charlemagne?

A

King of the Franks who expanded his empire, promoted education, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE

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7
Q

What is the Carolingian Renaissance?

A

A revival of learning and culture under Charlemagne, influenced by classical Roman and Christian traditions

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8
Q

Define Feudalism.

A

A medieval social and political system based on land ownership, loyalty, and military service

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9
Q

What are lords and vassals in the feudal system?

A

Lords granted land (fiefs) to vassals in exchange for military service

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10
Q

What is a fief?

A

A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in the feudal system

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11
Q

Who were serfs?

A

Peasants tied to the land under feudalism, working for a lord in exchange for protection

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12
Q

What is the Manor System?

A

The economic structure of feudal society, where lords owned estates worked by peasants and serfs

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13
Q

Define Chivalry.

A

The code of conduct for medieval knights, emphasizing bravery, honor, and protection of the weak

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14
Q

What is The Song of Roland?

A

An epic poem celebrating chivalry and loyalty among Charlemagne’s knights

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15
Q

Who were the Vikings?

A

Norse seafarers who raided and traded across Europe, influencing medieval culture

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16
Q

What was the Norman Conquest?

A

The invasion of England by William the Conqueror, leading to the establishment of Norman rule in 1066

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17
Q

Who was William the Conqueror?

A

Duke of Normandy who became King of England after winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066

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18
Q

What is the Domesday Book?

A

A detailed survey of England’s land and property, commissioned by William the Conqueror

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19
Q

Define Monasticism.

A

A religious lifestyle in which individuals withdraw from society to dedicate themselves to prayer and service

20
Q

What is the Benedictine Rule?

A

Guidelines for monastic life established by St. Benedict, emphasizing discipline, prayer, and work

21
Q

What are Illuminated Manuscripts?

A

Handwritten books decorated with elaborate designs, produced by medieval monks

22
Q

Who was Hildegard of Bingen?

A

A medieval abbess, composer, and visionary known for her contributions to music, medicine, and theology

23
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A religious journey to a sacred site, such as Canterbury, Santiago de Compostela, or Jerusalem

24
Q

Define Romanesque Architecture.

A

A medieval architectural style characterized by thick walls, rounded arches, and small windows

25
Q

What is The Bayeux Tapestry?

A

A medieval embroidery depicting the Norman conquest of England in 1066

26
Q

What were the Crusades?

A

A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land

27
Q

What was the First Crusade?

A

A successful military campaign that led to the capture of Jerusalem by Christian forces (1096-1099)

28
Q

Who was Saladin?

A

A Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187

29
Q

What were the Knights Templar?

A

A military-religious order founded during the Crusades to protect Christian pilgrims

30
Q

Who were troubadours?

A

Medieval poet-musicians who sang about chivalry and courtly love

31
Q

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

A powerful medieval queen who promoted the ideals of courtly love and supported the arts

32
Q

What are the Trivium and Quadrivium?

A

The two branches of medieval education; trivium included grammar, logic, and rhetoric; quadrivium covered arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy

33
Q

Define Scholasticism.

A

A medieval intellectual movement that sought to reconcile faith and reason, associated with Thomas Aquinas

34
Q

What was the Investiture Controversy?

A

A conflict between the Pope and Holy Roman Emperors over the appointment of bishops

35
Q

What was the Great Schism of 1054?

A

The division between the Roman Catholic Church (West) and the Eastern Orthodox Church (East)

36
Q

What is Canon Law?

A

The body of laws governing the Catholic Church

37
Q

What are relics?

A

Sacred objects associated with saints, often housed in elaborate reliquaries

38
Q

What was The Inquisition?

A

A Church institution that sought to combat heresy through investigation and punishment

39
Q

Define Mysticism.

A

A religious movement emphasizing personal experiences of God, often through visions or ecstasies

40
Q

What does the transition to Gothic architecture reflect?

A

Changing religious and cultural ideals

41
Q

What is Papal Supremacy?

A

The doctrine that the Pope has ultimate authority over the Church and secular rulers

42
Q

What is the Franciscan Order?

A

A religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi, emphasizing poverty and service to the poor

43
Q

What is the Dominican Order?

A

A religious order founded by St. Dominic, focusing on preaching and combating heresy

44
Q

What are The Canterbury Tales?

A

A collection of stories by Geoffrey Chaucer, offering insight into medieval life and society

45
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

A charter limiting the power of the English king and establishing legal rights for nobles (1215)

46
Q

What was the Black Death?

A

A devastating plague that killed a third of Europe’s population and changed social structures (1347-1351)

47
Q

What institutions shaped medieval Europe?

A

Feudalism, monasticism, and Church authority shaped medieval Europe but gradually gave way to Renaissance humanism

Humanities CLEP (31 decks)

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