Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the Renaissance?
A cultural rebirth (14th-17th century) based on the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art.
Define Humanism.
An intellectual movement emphasizing human potential, classical learning, and secularism.
Who is known as the ‘Father of Humanism’?
Francesco Petrarch
What is Civic Humanism?
A branch of humanism that emphasized active participation in public affairs.
What role did the Medici Family play during the Renaissance?
A powerful Florentine banking dynasty that patronized Renaissance artists and scholars.
Who was Lorenzo de’ Medici?
A ruler of Florence known for his patronage of the arts and promotion of humanism.
What architectural feat is Filippo Brunelleschi known for?
Designed the dome of Florence Cathedral using classical engineering principles.
Who wrote On Painting and defined principles of perspective?
Leon Battista Alberti
Which early Renaissance painter is known for using linear perspective?
Masaccio
What is Donatello famous for?
Creating the first freestanding nude statue since antiquity, David.
Name a painting by Sandro Botticelli.
The Birth of Venus and Primavera
What are some notable works of Leonardo da Vinci?
The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, and scientific discoveries.
What does the Vitruvian Man illustrate?
Ideal human proportions based on Roman architect Vitruvius.
Who is Michelangelo Buonarroti?
A sculptor, painter, and architect famous for David, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and The Last Judgment.
What is Raphael known for?
A High Renaissance painter known for The School of Athens, which depicts classical philosophers.
What characterizes the High Renaissance?
A period (c. 1490-1527) of peak artistic achievement in Italy, marked by works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?
Giorgio Vasari
What did the invention of the Printing Press revolutionize?
Knowledge dissemination and literacy.
Who was Erasmus?
A Dutch humanist who wrote In Praise of Folly, criticizing Church corruption and promoting reform.
What is The Prince about?
Machiavelli’s treatise on power and political strategy, often summarized as ‘the ends justify the means’.
Who authored The Book of the Courtier?
Baldassare Castiglione
What distinguishes the Venetian Renaissance?
A distinct style in Venice that emphasized color, light, and atmosphere.
Who is Titian?
A Venetian painter known for vibrant color and sensual figures in works like Venus of Urbino.
What is chiaroscuro?
A technique using strong contrasts of light and dark to create depth.
What is sfumato?
A painting technique that creates soft transitions between colors and tones.
What initiated the Protestant Reformation?
A religious movement started by Martin Luther in 1517, challenging Catholic practices and doctrine.
What are indulgences?
A Church practice of selling remission of sins, heavily criticized by reformers.
What was the Council of Trent?
A Catholic response to the Reformation that reaffirmed doctrines and reformed abuses.
What characterizes Mannerism?
A late Renaissance artistic style characterized by exaggerated poses, complex compositions, and artificiality.
Who is El Greco?
A Spanish Renaissance painter known for his dramatic and elongated figures.
What was the impact of the Sack of Rome (1527)?
Marked the end of the High Renaissance and weakened the Papacy.
Who were the Jesuits?
A Catholic religious order founded to counter Protestantism and promote education and missionary work.
What is the Inquisition?
A Church institution that sought to combat heresy through trials and punishments.
What does Michelangelo’s Last Judgment depict?
The final judgment of souls.
What was the Venetian Republic?
A powerful maritime state that flourished through trade and cultural exchange during the Renaissance.
What was the role of the Renaissance Papacy?
A period when popes were major patrons of the arts, commissioning works from Michelangelo and Raphael.
What is a Petrarchan Sonnet?
A 14-line poetic form popularized during the Renaissance.
What transition does the Renaissance emphasize?
The transition to Baroque, where balance and naturalism gave way to drama and emotion.
What is Perspective in Renaissance Art?
A technique that created the illusion of depth.
What is the Northern Renaissance?
A Renaissance movement outside Italy that focused more on detailed realism and religious themes.
Who is Albrecht Dürer?
A German Renaissance artist known for engravings like Knight, Death, and the Devil.
Who is Hans Holbein the Younger?
A Northern Renaissance portraitist known for The Ambassadors.
What is Hieronymus Bosch known for?
Famous for surreal and symbolic works like The Garden of Earthly Delights.
What legacy did the Renaissance leave?
The emphasis on humanism, individualism, and secularism influenced modern Western thought and culture.
