Vine Diseases & Insect Threats Flashcards
Into which 4 main groups, can be diseases categorized?
Fungal
Viral
Bacterial
Phytoplasma
How the (fungal diseases) affect the vine, explain?
Manifest as mildew or mold, and are typically associated with warm and dump climates.
Attacking either the root system or the canopy of the grapevine.
Name 2 of the most worrisome fungal disease, originated in America, and arrived in Europe in the 19th century?
Powdery and downy mildew
How can be fungal diseases controlled?
Trough fungicide sprays and other applications.
Name the disease native to eastern United Stated, that was quickly spread trough Europe from cuttings, imported to the Southern Rhone Valley in the 1860?
Phylloxera, kill vines by destroying its root system.
Which type of soil acts as natural barrier, impeding the spread of phylloxera?
Sandier soils, such as those found in Colares in Portugal.
What is “Powdery mildew” (oidium) and how affects the vine?
Affects all green parts of the plant, marking grapes, leaves, and shoots with its dusty white mildew growth.
Can be controlled by sulfur and other fungicides.
How the “downy mildew” affects the vine?
Causing the leaves to drop off the vine, and limiting the vine’s ability to photosynthesize.
*The infection is first visible as an oil spot on vine leaves, (Bordeaux mixture) a spray of copper sulfate, water and lime to prevent outbreaks.
Name the disease, which Australian red wine carry as nick-name?
Eutypa Dieback (dead arm).
- d’Aremberg, markets its icon Shiraz under the disease nick-name (the dead arm)
*Spores are carried by rain and enter the vine trough pruning wounds.
How the “Esca disease” can affects vines?
*On young vines the disease will weaken growth, affect berry development and discolor leaves, in hot weather affected young vine may suddenly die.
*In older vines, affects the wood causing the interior of the trunk and arms to soften and root from the inside.
* The disease is spread by rainfall and wind, or on the pruning shears of vineyard workers.
What kind of disease is a “black rot”?
Native to north America, spread to Europe with the importation of phylloxera-resistant root stocks.
*Originating as a black spot on the vine’s leaves, shoots and berries.
*The disease can be controlled trough fungicide sprays.
Give example of 3 “bacterial diseases”
*Pierce’s disease
*Crown gall (black knot)
*Bavterial Blight
Give example of 2 “viral diseases”?
*Leafroll virus
*Fanleaf Degeneration
Give example of “phytoplasma disease”?
Flavescence dore
