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Anatomy 337 > Vertebral Column and Trunk Wall > Flashcards

Vertebral Column and Trunk Wall Flashcards

1
Q

spinous process

A

a projection on the posterior side and is often caudally from the midline

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2
Q

transverse process

A

projects laterally and dorsalarerally

  • for articulation with ribs
  • only on the thoracic vertebra
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3
Q

superior articular facet

A
  • slightly concave surface on the superior articular process. It articulates with the inferior articular facet on the vertebra above
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4
Q

inferior articular facet

A
  • slightly concave surface on the inferior articular process. It articulates with the superior articular facet on the vertebra below
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5
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

the whole through the vertebra that the spinal cord travels through

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6
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

this is the space between the vertebra that the spinal nerves travel out of

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7
Q

body

A

the big portion of each vertbra

-these are what support the weight of the body

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8
Q

cervical vertebra

A

the first 7 vertbra

- the smallest vertebra because they only support the weight of the head

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9
Q

transverse foramen

A

these are only on the cervical vertebra and they are for the vertbral arteries and veins that supply the brain

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10
Q

Atlas

A
  • the first C1
  • articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
  • this is what allows nodding
  • it has no body
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11
Q

superior articular facet on the atlas

A
  • these are oval and articulates with the occipital condyles
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12
Q

axis

A
  • the second cervical vertebra
  • this is fused with the atlas
  • has the dens
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13
Q

dens

A

this is the site that the axis and the atlas articulate and create the ability for rotation of the head

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A
  • these have a heart shaped body
  • long, slender spinous process that projects posterocaudally
  • these will be articulating with the rib bones
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15
Q

costal facets/ demifacets

A

these are where the vertebra articulate with the rib

- ribs 9-12 only have one because they only articulate with one

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16
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A
  • the largest vertebrae
  • thicker body than thoracic (and oval not heart shape)
  • these are the ones that bear the most weight so they need the largest body
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17
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebra

- protects the reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs

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18
Q

coccyx

A

this is 3-5 fused vertebra

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19
Q

what are the primary curvatures

A

thoracic and sacral curvatures

- these present in a fetus and remain in the adult

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20
Q

what are the secondary curvatures

A

these are the cervical and lumbar curvatures

- these are the ones that develop to allow humans to stand upright and walk

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21
Q

spinal curvatures

A

these are 4 curves that establish the bodies center of gravity, balance the head, and permit upright walking

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22
Q

true rib

A

connected to the sternum by separate costal cartilages

23
Q

false ribs

A

connected to the sternum by cartilage that fuses together before reaching the sternum

24
Q

floating rib

A

no connection with the sternum

25
Q

costal cartilage

A

connects the ribs to the sternum

26
Q

manubrium

A
  • widest most superior portion of the sternum

- articulates with the clavicles

27
Q

jugular notch

A

shallow identification at superior surface of manubrium

28
Q

body of sternum

A
  • attaches to the inferior surface of manubrium
  • costal cartilages from ribs 2-7 are attached here
  • ribs 8-10 are also attached here by their merged cartilage
29
Q

xyphoid process

A
  • smallest portion of sternum
  • attached to the inferior surface of the body
  • attached to the rectus abdominus and the muscular diaphragm
30
Q

clavicular notch

A

the shallow depression located on either side at the superior-lateral margins of the manubrium
- joint between the sternum and clavicle

31
Q

rectus abdominus

A
  • contraction causes spinal flexion
  • its fibers run vertically
  • deep to the external oblique
  • superficial to the internal oblique
32
Q

external oblique

A
  • unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation
  • bilateral contraction: flexes the vertebral column
  • fibers are run superior laterally to inferior medially
  • most superficial muscle
33
Q

internal oblique

A

unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation

  • bilateral contraction: flexes the vertebral column
  • fibers run inferior laterally to superior medially
  • this is deep to both the external oblique and the recites abdominus
34
Q

erector spinae

A
  • these are on the dorsal side of the body
  • they run along either side of the spinal column
  • these are used to move the spine and stabilize the spine
  • three types
  • bilateral contraction causes extension of the vertebral column
  • unilateral contraction causes lateral flexion of vertebral column
35
Q

primary curvature

A
  • these are the curves you are born with
  • all four legged mammels have them
  • thoracic
  • sacral
36
Q

secondary curvature

A
  • these are developed in the first two years of life to stand up right
  • cervical
  • lumbar
37
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • this one is large and wide and prevents you from arching your back too far
  • prevents hyperextension
38
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • this is narrow and weak
  • prevent hyperflexion
  • the smallness and weakness of them are whey most herniated discs are on the posterior side of the cord
39
Q

intervertebral disc

A
  • the cartilage between the vertebra
  • has an outer anulus fibrosus
  • has an inner nucleus pulposus
40
Q

anulus fibrosus

A

the dense fibrous part of the intervertebral disc

41
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

this is the inner soft gelatinous part of the intervertebral disc

42
Q

herniated disc

A
  • this is when the nucleus pulposus pushes through a weakening in the collagen fibers within the anulus fibrosus
  • this leads to pressure on the nerve or the cord
  • common to be on the posterior side due to less stability from the ligament
43
Q

sternal angle

A

this is the line between the body and the manubrium

44
Q

where do ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebra

A
  • the rib articulates with the superior demifacet in the vertebra of corresponding number and the transverse costal facet
  • the rib also articulates with the inferior demifacet of the vertebra above it (one number lower than it is)
45
Q

intercostal nerves

A

-these travel in the intercostal spaces
these supply the thoracic cage with innervation of sensory and motor function
- these travel with the intercostal artery and vein

46
Q

dermatome

A

sensory distribution of spinal nerve on the surface of the body (the integument)

47
Q

transversus abdominus

A

compresses the abdominal wall

-stabilizes and engages core

48
Q

inguinal ligament

A

thick, under turned interiror margin of the external oblique (the bottom of the oblique)

  • this helps to hold structures passing frm the trunk to the lower limb against the body
  • it is essentially connective tissue that runs down to the pubic bone
49
Q

inguinal canal

A

creates a weakness in the abdominal wall

-its an oblique passageway parallel and superomedial to the inguinal ligament

50
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

the first passageway where the abdominal structures would pass/run from the abdomen through all the abdominal muscles to the lower extremities

51
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

for a person with a spermatic cord, there is a weaking that allows for a possible hernia into the scrotum
**important to remember females have this opening as well!!

52
Q

kyphosis

A

this is when there is an over curvature of the thoracic region
“hunch back”

53
Q

lordosis

A

this is when there is an over curvature of the lumbar region
-this can be caused by pregnancy or being overweight

54
Q

scoliosis

A

this is when there is a curvature of the spine to the left or to the right

Anatomy 337 (39 decks)

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