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Anatomy 337 > Muscles of the leg and foot > Flashcards

Muscles of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

gastrocnemius

A
  • the most superficial posterior leg muscle
  • Action:
    knee flexion
    primary plantarflexar of the foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

  • it’s tendon merges with the soleus’ tendon to insert on the calcaneus bone of the foot
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2
Q

soleus

A
  • sits deep to the gastrocnemius
  • inserts on the calcaneus in the calcaneal tendon
  • innervated by the tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexion of the ankle

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3
Q

calcaneal tendon

A
  • the achilles tendon
  • this is where the gastrocnemius and the soleus tendons merge
  • this inserts onto the calcaneus bone of the foot
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4
Q

plantaris

A

a small muscle with a tiny muscle belly deep to the gastrocnemius

  • not present in all individuals
  • this is going across the posterior knee and extends down the leg to insert on the calcaneus
  • Action: weak knee flexor and weak ankle plantarflexor
    innervation: tibial nerve
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5
Q

tibialis posterior

A

this runs along the posterior aspect of the tibia
- this is lateral to flexor digitorum longus and medial to flexor hallucis longus

-its tendon crosses under flexor digitorum longus meaning that it crosses the medial malleolus the most anterior

  • Action:
  • plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle
  • flexes the MTP, PIP, and the DIP joints in the toes

innervation: tibial nerve

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6
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A
  • its tendon wraps around the medial aspect of the ankle before it reaches the distal great toe
  • its tendon wraps around the medial malleolus the most posterior of three
  • long path gives the muscle a mechanical advantage and makes it a powerful flexor of the first digit
  • Action:
    plantarflexion and weak inversion of the ankle
    flexes the MTP and IP of the great toe

innervation: tibial nerve

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7
Q

popliteus

A
  • It sits on the superior aspect of the tibia and crosses the knee joint
  • It functions to medially rotate the tibia and “unlock” the knee from full extension in the first few degrees of flexion.

Action: knee flexion

innervated by tibial nerve

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8
Q

plantar fascia

A
  • This thick layer of fascia is superficial to the muscles of the plantar aspect of the foot
  • attaches to the calcaneus in anatomical position
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9
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

the muscle deep to the plantar fascia and flexes digits 2-4

  • this is in the middle of the plantar aspect of the foot and has a big muscle body that then has tendons that branch out to the digits
    innervation: medial plantar nerve
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10
Q

abductor hallucis

A

the large muscle on the medial aspect of the great toe
- travels from the calcaneus to the MTP

Action: abducts the great toe

innervation: medial plantar nerve

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11
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

located on the lateral aspect of the 5th digit

Action: abducts the 5th digit

-innervation: lateral plantar nerve

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12
Q

Quadratus plantae

A
  • this runs from the calcaneus to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
  • adjusts the angle of pull on these tendons
  • aligns these tendons so that the toes flex within the sagittal plane

-innervation: lateral plantar nerve

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13
Q

lumbricals

A
  • insert on to the flexor digitorum longus tendons
  • in between the different branches of that tendon

Action: flex the MP and extend the PIP and DIP joints

Innervation:
- the first lumbircal is innervated by the medial plantar nerve but the rest are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve

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14
Q

adductor hallucis

A
  • 7 shaped
  • has transverse and oblique heads

Action: adducts the great toe

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

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15
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • lives completely within the foot
  • lies along the medial side of the plantar aspect

Action:flexes the great toe

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

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16
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A
  • lives completely in the foot
  • lies along the lateral side of the planter aspect
  • a small muscle that is medial to the abductor digiti minimi

Action: flexes the fifth digit

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

17
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Abduct the toes

  • the bellies of these muscles are on the outside of the toes (between the metatarsal bones)
  • these can be seen from the plantar side and the dorsal aspect of the foot
  • there are two of them on the second toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

18
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Adduct the toes

  • appear to only be on toes 3-5 and are on the medial side of the metatarsal
  • can be seen from the plantar side of the foot

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

19
Q

tibialis anterior

A
  • this hugs the tibial bone
  • this originates on the lateral side and then moves more medially while traveling inferiorly

-has a long tendon that crosses the medial side of the foot and this contributes to the arch of the foot
Action:
primary dorsiflexor of the foot
inverts ankle

innervation: deep fibular nerve

20
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

this is lateral to the tibialis anterior
- this branches into many tendons on the dorsal aspect of the foot that extend to digits 2-5

Action:
dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle
extends the digits

innervation: deep fibular nerve

21
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A
  • this is deep to the tibialis anterior
  • this crosses the ankle and travels to the hallucis (big toe)

Action:
extension of the big toe
dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

innervation: deep fibular nerve

22
Q

fibularis longus

A
  • this is a long muscle that is on the lateral side with a long skinny tendon that causes the ankle and inserts at the metatarsal of digit 5
  • this is part of the lateral compartment
  • this sends its tendon under the arch on the foot to insert at the base of the first metatarsal (this gives it a mechanical advantage making it stronger with eversion)

Action: eversion of ankle with a little plantar flexion

-innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

23
Q

fibularis brevis

A
  • this is just deep to the fibularis longus
  • has a shorter tendon than fibularis longus

Action: eversion of ankle with a little plantar flexion

  • this inserts at the base of the 5th metatarsal on the lateral aspect of the foot
    ( this is important clinically because it can be the site of an avulsion fracture and a piece of the bone can break off rather than the tendon tearing)

-innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

24
Q

fibularis tertius

A
  • this is a small muscle that can be seen from behind the fibularis brevis when looking from the anterolateral side
  • a minor muscle and not everyone has this muscle

inserts on the fifth digit

Action: dorsiflexion and weak eversion

innervation: deep fibular nerve

25
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

Action: extends digits 2-4 (at the MTP and IP joints; does not travel to the distal phalanx)

  • on the dorsal aspect of the foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

26
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

Action: extends the big toe (the MTP joint)

innervation: deep fibular nerve

27
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A
  • these are the tendons that extend to the 2-5 digits
  • this is the most medial of the three muscles in deep compartment and its tendon passes the medial malleolus in the middle of the other two tendons

Action:

  • plantarflexion and weak inversion of the ankle
  • flexes the MTP, PIP, and the DIP joints in the toes

innervation: tibial nerve

Anatomy 337 (39 decks)

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