Gluteal muscles and thigh muscles Flashcards
gluteus maximus
largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles
Action: Extends, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip
insertion: iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of femur
innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
blood supply: inferior gluteal artery (superior by an anastomosis
inserts on femur more posteriorly than the other two glut muscles so it is able to contribute to the lateral rotation
gluteus medius
-this is just deep to the gluteus maximus
Action: Abducts and medially rotates hip
Insertion: the Greater trochanter of femur
innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Blood supply: superior gluteal artery
this is able to medially rotate based on the angle of the insertion at the trochanter
gluteus minimus
this is the deepest and smallest of the gluteal muscles
Action: Abducts and medially rotates hip
Insertion: the Greater trochanter of femur
innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Blood supply: superior gluteal artery
this is able to medially rotate based on the angle of the insertion at the trochanter
piriformis
an important lateral rotator of the hip
semitendinosus
- a thinner muscle belly and a longer tendon than the semimembranosus
- It sits just superficial to the semimembranosus
- the long tendon at the inferior side wraps around the knee on the medial side
Action:
- extends the hip
- rotates the knee medially
- flexes the knee
- origin: ischial tuberosity
- insertion: pes anserine insertion
- innervation: tibial division of sciatic
semimembranosus
- this has a thicker muscle belly and a shorter tendon than the semitendinosus
- this is more medial and deep than the semitendinosus
Action:
- extends the hip
- rotates the knee medially
- flexes the knee
- origin: ischial tuberosity
- innervation: tibial division of sciatic
biceps femoris
- has two heads
- the long head and the short head
- the long head is superficial to the short head
- the two heads merge together and insert onto the head of the fibula together
-lateral to the semimembranosis and the semitendinosis
Action:
- both cause lateral rotation of the knee and flexion of the knee
- the long head causes hip extension
innervation:
- long head: tibial division of sciatic
- short head: common fibular division of sciatic
the long head of the biceps femoris
- Origin: ischial tuberosity
- insertion: fibular head after merging with the short head to form a common tendon
Action:
- extends the hip
- works with the short head to flex, and laterally rotate the knee
short head of the biceps femoris
-Origin: linea aspera
-insertion: fibular head after merging with the long
head to form a common tendon
Action: lateral knee rotation and hip flexion
iliopsoas
- this is the mergance of the iliacus and the psoas major
action: hip flexion
insertion: the lesser trochanter
innevation: femoral nerve
sartorius
- a long thin muscle that crosses both the hip and the knee
- crosses the knee like a seatbelt
innervation: femoral nerve
Action:
Hip: flexion, abduction & lateral rotation
Knee: flexion & medial rotation
origin: ASIS
insertion: pes anserine insertion
rectus femoris
is the superficial muscle located on the midline of the thigh
- the only quad muscle that crosses the hip and the knee joint (the rest only knee)
innervation: femoral nerve
origin: AIIS
insertion: the quadriceps tendon
Action:
- Hip: flexion
- Knee: extension
vastus lateralis
this is located lateral to the rectus femoris
innervation: femoral nerve
origin: Greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
insertion: the quadriceps tendon
Action: extend the knee
vastus medialis
- this is located medial to the rectus femoris
innervation: femoral nerve
origin: linea aspera
insertion: the quadriceps tendon
Action: extend the knee
vastus intermedius
this is deep to the rectus femoris
innervation: femoral nerve
insertion: the quadriceps tendon
Action: extend the knee
what muscles make up the quadriceps
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
pectineus
this is deep to the adductor longus
- has dual innervation from the femoral and obturator nerve
Origin: pectineal line of pubis
insertion: pectineal line
Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
in what order to the medial thigh muscles insert on the femur
- most superior to inferior
- pectineus
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
this is near the hip portion of the lateral thigh
-this attaches to the iliotibial tract
innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Action: Flexes, abducts and medially rotates hip
origin: Asis
insertion: IT band
iliotibial tract (IT band)
this inserts at gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia
-this is long piece of connective tissue
gracilis
- muscle is long and thin
- this is the most medial
- this one can be viewed as loose
insertion: pes anserine insertion
innervation: obturator nerve
Action:
Hip: Adduction, medial rotation
Knee: Flexion, medial rotation
adductor magnus
- large muscle has both hamstring and adductor parts
- this is just lateral to the gracilis
- this contains a hiatus that allows the femoral artery to pass from the anterior thigh to the posterior of the lower limb
Action:
Adductor part: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
Hamstring part: extends and laterally rotates hip
origin: Inferior ramus of pubis of Ischial tuberosity
insertion: Linea aspera and Adductor tubercle
innervation:
adductor part: obturator nerve
hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic
what nerve innervates the medial compartment
-the obturator nerve
adductor longus
- this is in the medial thigh
- this is just lateral to the gracilis
Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
Insertion: linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
adductor brevis
this is smaller than and deep to the adductor longus
Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
Insertion: linea aspera
innervation: obturator nerve
