Cranial nerves Flashcards
what are the four cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic division
- oculomotor
- facial
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
what is the sympathetic division of the cranial nerves
superior cervical ganglian
what is the oculomotor nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division
- travels to the ciliary ganglion
- this goes on to innervate the ciliary muscle and the pupillary constrictor muscle of the iris
what is the facial nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division
- this travels to the pterygopalatine ganglion:
- this goes on to innervate the lacrimal glands and small glands of nasal cavity, oral cavity and palate
- this also travels to the submandibular ganglion
- this goes on to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands
what is the glossopharyngeal nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division
- this travels to the otic ganglian
- this will go on to innervate the parotid gland
CN I
- Olfactory Nerve
Functional modality: special senseory: olfaction (smell)
skull passageway: cribiform plate foramina
where it synapses: in the olfactory bulbs
CN II
- Optic Nerve
Functional modality: special sensory: visual sense information
skull passageway: optic canal
- runs through the brain tract and is covered by the meninges
CN III
oculomotor nerve
Functional modality: somatic motor and visceral motor
skull passageway: superior orbital fissure
describe the somatic motor modality of CN III
- this innervates four of the six extrinsic eye muscles
- superior rectus
- the inferior rectus
- the medial rectus
- inferior oblique
this also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris
describe the visceral motor modality of CN III
this is the oculomotor nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division
- the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the ciliary ganglion
- the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the iris and the ciliary muscle
CN IV
trochlear nerve
functional modality: somatic motor
skull passageway:superior orbital fissue
this innervates the superior oblique
CN VI
Abducens nerve
functional modality: somatic motor
skull passageway:superior orbital fissure
this innervates the lateral rectus
CN V
trigeminal nerve
This has three divisions:
- ophthalmic (V1)
- maxillary (V2)
- mandibular (V3)
functional modalities: between the three divisions this nerve does somatic special motor and somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)
describe the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
this is V1
skull passageway: superior orbital fissure
functional modalities: somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)
this innervates the cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp
the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons
describe the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
this is the V2
functional modalities: somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)
this innervates the nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek
the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons
describe the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
this is V3
functional modalities: somatic special motor and somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)
somatic (special) motor: this innervates the muscles of mastication, myelohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor tympani muscle, and tensor veli palatine
somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain) : this innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, meninges, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, and part of the ear
the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons
CN VII special sensory
- facial nerve
- this is taste and it is from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII visceral motor
- facial nerve
- this innervates the lacrimal, sublingual, and submandibular glands
- this is the parasympathetic innervation
- the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the pterygopalatine and submandibular glanglia
CN VII visceral sensory
- facial nerve
this is receiving sensory information from the lacrimal sublingual and submandibular glands
CN VII somatic sensory
- facial nerve
- this receives information from the small area behind the ear
CN VII somatic (special) motor
- facial nerve
- this innervates the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, strapedius muscles, and muscles of facial expression
skull passageway: enters the skull through the internal acoustic meatus
- the branch to the facial muscles exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen
CN VIII
- vestibulocohlear Nerve
- functional modality: special sensory
- vesibular branch: eqilibrium and balance
- cochlear branch: hearing - skull passageway: internal acoustic meatus
CN IX special sensory
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN IX somatic sensory
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- this innervates the pharynx
CN IX visceral sensory
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- this innervates the carotid bodies and the parotid gland
CN IX somatic (special) sensory
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- this innervates the stylopharyngeus
CN IX visceral motor
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- this innervates the parotid gland
- this is the parasympathetic division
- the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the otic ganglion
CN IX
- this is the glossopharyngeal nerve
- it has all five modalities
skull passageway: jugular foramen
CN X
Vagus nerve
functional modalities: this has all five modalities
skull passageway: jugular foramen
CN X special sensory
vagus nerve
- this is taste from the base of the tongue, epiglottis, and upper pharynx
CN X visceral motor
vagus nerve
- this goes to the heart, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, abdominal organs up to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon
CN X visceral sensory
vagus nerve
- this goes to the heart, lungs, abdominal organs up to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon
CN X somatic sensory
vagus nerve
- this is for touch and pain sensation
- this goes to the external acoustic meatus, eardrum, laryngopharynx, and larynx
CN X somatic (special) motor
Vagus nerve
- goes to the pharynx, larynx, and palate muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
this is a branch of the vagus nerve and it branches in the thorax
- it loops under the arch of the aorta and returns to the neck to innervate the laryngeal muscles
CN XI
accessory nerve
functional modality: somatic (special) motor
skull passageway: jugular foramen
this innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
CN XII
hypoglossal nerve
functional modalities: somatic motor
skull passage way: hypoglossal canal
innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
