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Anatomy 337 > Autonomic Nervous system: U2 > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous system: U2 Flashcards

1
Q

somatic nervous system

A

part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

  • the lower motor neurons innervate the skeletal muscles
  • there is typically one neuron from the spinal cord to the effector
  • they will be highly myelinated
  • the lower motor neurons are only capable of exciting the muscles
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2
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

the part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

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3
Q

preganglionic neruon

A

A motor neuron having a cell body located in the brain or spinal cord

  • has a myelinated axon that travels out of the central nervous system
  • before the autonomic ganglian
  • parasympathetic will be long
  • sympathetic will be short
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4
Q

post ganglionic neuron

A

A neuron of the autonomic nervous system whose cell body lies in an autonomic ganglion and whose axon terminates in a visceral effector (smooth or cardiac muscle or glands).
-these are not myelinated

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5
Q

preganglionic axon

A 
this will be lightly myelinated
parasympathetic:
- long
sympathetiic:
-short
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6
Q

postganglionic axon

A 
this will be unmyelinated
parasympathetic:
- short
sympathetiic:
-long
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7
Q

ganglian

A
  • a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the CNS and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.
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8
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • released from cholinergic receptors
  • this is released onto the ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic
  • this is released at the ganglia and the target tissue of the parasympathetic
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9
Q

thoracolumbar

A

this is referring to the sympathetic nervous system because the spinal nerves where the preganglionic nerves originate are in these regions

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10
Q

craniosacral

A

this is referring to the parasympathetic nervous system because the spinal nerves where the preganglionic nerves originate are in these regions

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11
Q

sympathetic chain (trunk)

A

a ganglionated chain present bilaterally extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx. It divides into cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments. The two side chains fuse at the ganglion in front of the sacrococcygeal junction
- this is the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

A
  • these are the the bulges of the sympathetic chain

- contains the cell bodies of the post ganglionic neurons

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13
Q

norepinephrine

A

this is released by the postganglionic neurons at the target organ in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

what does the adrenal gland release?

A
  • norepinephrine and epinephrine

- released into the blood and adds to the sympathetic systems ability to have widespread effects throughout the body

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15
Q

duel innervation

A
  • this is when a body part can be effected by the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems
  • they will usually have opposing effects on that select organ
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16
Q

referred pain

A
  • this is when the body gets confused because we do not have conscious pain from out organs and the body recognizes this pain as pain coming from the sensory area that has information being sent through the same spinal cord as the organ
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17
Q

cardiac plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the vagus nerve
  • sympathetic innervates this from the postganglionic sympathetic path
  • these effect the heart
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18
Q

plexus

A

this is where sympathetic postganglionic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers intermix on there way to different organs

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19
Q

esophogeal Plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the vagus nerve
  • sympathetic innervates this from the postganglionic sympathetic path
  • these effect the lower smooth muscle of the esophagus
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20
Q

pulmonary plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the vagus nerve
  • sympathetic innervates this from the postganglionic sympathetic path
  • these effect the lungs and the bronchi
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21
Q

abdominal aortic plexuses

A

Celiac plexus
Superior mesenteric plexus
Inferior mesenteric plexus

22
Q

Celiac plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the vagus nerve
  • sympathetic innervates this from the splanchnic nerve pathway
  • these effect the forgut
23
Q

Superior mesenteric plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the vagus nerve
  • sympathetic innervates this from the splanchnic nerve pathway
  • these effect the midgut
24
Q

Inferior mesenteric plexus

A
  • parasympathetic innervates this from the S2-4 spinal nerves
  • sympathetic innervates this from the splanchnic nerve pathway using the lumbar splanchnic nerve
  • these effect the hind gut
25
Q

hypogastric plexus

A

this is where the sacral spinal nerves all interact before traveling out to the hindgut (they will then go through the inferior mesenteric plexus) or the pelvis
***for the sympathetic these only effect the pelvic organs

26
Q

vagus nerve

A
  • this is the tenth cranial nerve that
  • this supplies the heart, lungs, bronchi, esophagus, foregut and midgut
  • it travels through a hole in the diaphragm to make it to the abdomen
  • parasympathetic innervation
27
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves for parasympathetic

A

arise from S2, S3 and S4 nerve roots and go into the hypogastric plexus
-they go to the hindgut and the pelvis

28
Q

White rami communicantes

A

preganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic axons of the T1-L2 level

  • they are myelinated so they are white
  • this is where they travel in the sympathetic chain prior to reaching the bulges where they either travel up, leave, or go to the gray rami communicantes
  • this is present in all of the sympathetic pathways
29
Q

Gray rami communicantes

A

post ganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal cord

  • only is used within the spinal nerve pathway
  • unmyelinated axons (gray)
30
Q

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

A

this goes out to the celiac ganglian

-in the sympathetic nervous system

31
Q

Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve

A

this goes out to the superior mesenteric ganglian

-in the sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

Least thoracic splanchnic nerve

A

this goes to either the superior mesenteric ganglian or the inferior mesenteric ganglian
-in the sympathetic nervous system

33
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerve

A

this goes out to the inferior mesenteric ganglian

-in the sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves

A

this goes out to the hypogastric plexus

-in the sympathetic nervous system

35
Q

celiac ganglia

A

this is where the pre and post ganglionic axons interact before innervating the forgut in the splanchnic nerve pathway of the sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

superior mesenteric ganglia

A

this is where the pre and post ganglionic axons interact before innervating the midgut in the splanchnic nerve pathway of the sympathetic nervous system

37
Q

inferior mesenteric ganglia

A

this is where the pre and post ganglionic axons interact before innervating the hind gut in the splanchnic nerve pathway of the sympathetic nervous system

38
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic pathway

A
  • in the sympathetic nervous system
  • once in the chain, it ascends up through the chain and synapses at the post ganglionic neuron in the chain and that then exits the chain
  • originates in the T1-T5
  • head, heart, lungs/bronchi, lower esophagus
39
Q

Splanchnic nerve pathway

A
  • in the sympathetic nervous system
  • once in the chain, this leaves the chain straight away and then synapses onto the post ganglionic
  • forgut, midgut, hindgut, pelvic region
40
Q

Adrenal medulla pathway

A
  • in the sympathetic nervous system
  • once in the chain, this leaves the chain straight away and then synapses onto the adrenal medulla
  • this releases epi and NE into the blood stream
41
Q

spinal nerve pathway

A
  • in the sympathetic nervous system
  • this is the only pathway that uses the gray rami
  • once in the chain, it synapses on the post ganglionic and that goes back to the spinal nerve through the gray rami and then travels out through the spinal nerve to the integumentary structures
  • arrector pili, sweat glands, and the blood vessels
  • these are from the T1-T12
42
Q

what do all of the pathways have in common in the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • begins in the ventral horn, travels through the ventral root, to the spinal nerve and enters the sympathetic chain through the white rami
43
Q

superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglian

A

is the most superior ganglias of the sympathetic chain, bilaterally
-they are not directly lateral to the T1-T5 where they originate, the fibers ascend upwards so there are at the top of the chain

44
Q

prevertebral ganglia

A 
collections of cell bodies immediately anterior to the vertebral column on the anterloateral surface of the aorta
-they cluster around arteries
we have three of them
- the celiac
-the superior mesenteric
-the inferior mesenteric
45
Q

adrenal glands

A

paired pyramid shaped glands on the superior boarder of the kidneys
- all the adrenal hormones help the body cope with danger, terror or stress.
contains a cortex and a medulla

46
Q

adrenal medulla

A
  • releases norepinephrine and epinephrine
  • helps us prepare for damage/stress and fight or flight
  • this is highly vascularized and allows for direct secretion into the blood stream.
47
Q

adrenal cortex

A
  • this has 3 layers

- each produces different hormones

48
Q

forgut

A

-lower esophagus
- stomach
-gallbladder
-liver
-spleen
-duodenum
Celiac artery/ganglian/plexus

49
Q

midgut

A
  • dudenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • ascending colon
  • proximal 2/3 transverse colon
  • superior mesenteric artery/ganglion/ plexus
50
Q

hindgut

A

-transsverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
- rectum
inferior mesenteric artey/ ganglion/ plexus

Anatomy 337 (39 decks)

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