vertebral column

Question 1

What do the typical vertebral consist of

Answer 1

-vertebal body and arch
-foramen (between body and arch)

Question 2

what is the vertebral arch comprised of

Answer 2

-pedicles: 2 between body and transverse process
-laminae: 2 between transverse process and spinous porcess

Question 3

What are the projections off the arch

Answer 3

-transverse process
-spinous process
-articular process (facets 2 superior and 2 inferior)

Question 4

describe cervical vertebral
1. body
2. vertebral foramen
3. transverse process
4. articular process
5. spinous process

Answer 4

1. small
2. triangular in shape
3. small and include transverse foramina for the passage of vertebral artery
4. small and slanted so that the anterior portion is more superior than the posterior portion
5. bifid and not long

Question 5

describe cervical vertebral (Altas)
1. body
2. vertebral foramen
3. transverse process
4. articular process
5. spinous process

Answer 5

C1
1. no body just anterior tubercle
2. larger and round
3. small and transverse foramina for passage of vertebral arteries
4. S: concave to articulate with occipital condyles
I: flat to articulate w/ C2 at the AA joint
5. no spinout process due to posterior tubercle

Question 6

describe cervical vertebral (axis)
1. body
2. vertebral foramen
3. transverse process
4. articular process
5. spinous process

Answer 6

C2
1. little to no body - has dens/odontoid process
2. larger and round
3. smaller with foramina for the passage of vertebral arteries
4. S: flat
I: angled so that the posterior portion is more inferior
5. little to no spinous process

Question 7

describe thoracic vertebral
1. body
2. vertebral foramen
3. transverse process
4. articular process
5. spinous process

Answer 7

1. medium sized and heart shaped
2. round
3. longer with costal facets to articulate with the tubercle of the rib
4. Superior and inferior are in the coronal plane to allow for rotation
5. long and angled down

Question 8

describe lumbar vertebral
1. body
2. vertebral foramen
3. transverse process
4. articular process
5. spinous process

Answer 8

1. big
2. round and triangular
3. big but not. long
4. superior and inferior are in the sagittal plane allowing for flexion and extension
5. angled so that the anterior side is more superiorly
6. big but not long

Question 9

What are the joints between the vertebrae

Answer 9

-four synovial joints (facet joints)
1. zygoapopyspheal (2 above and 2 below)

• two symphyses (intervertebral discs)
  1. one above and one below zy

Question 10

zygapophyeal joints

Answer 10

-joint capsule lined with synovial membrane and synovial fluid
-articulating surfaces
1. inferior articular process of the vertebra above
2. superior articular process of the vertebra below

Question 11

intervertebral joints

Answer 11

symphysis between vertebral bodies
disc
-center is the nucleus pulpous
-annulus fibrous around the center with collage
absorbs forces, provides support and cushions bone

Question 12

What does the dorsal root contain

Answer 12

sensory information

Question 13

what does the ventral root contain

Answer 13

motor information

Question 14

what does the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve do?

Answer 14

supply sensory and motor information to the deep back muscles

Question 15

what does the ventral ramus do

Answer 15

supplies sensory and motor neurons to everything else but the face