Leg

Question 1

what are the bones of the leg

Answer 1

Tibia and fibula

Question 2

high ankle ligaments/soft tissue structures

Answer 2

-interosseus membrane: has two hiatus one superior and one inferior
-posterior tibiofibular ligament
-anterior tibiofibular ligament
-these are involved in high ankle sprains

Question 3

What are some bony features of the calcaneus

Answer 3

-sustentaculum tali: supports the talus and located on the medial aspect
-calcaneal tubercle: ligaments attach
-calcaneal tuberosity: WB when you walk or stand

Question 4

Tarsal sinus

Answer 4

-no bones on the lateral foot
-between the talus and calcaneus

Question 5

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment superficial layer

Answer 5

-gastrocnemius
-plantaris (not in everyone)
-soleus
-shared insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon/Achilles
-common innervation: tibial nerve S1-S2
-shared action: ankle plantarflexion

Question 6

Bursa in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 6

-subtendinous bursa under the lateral head of gastrochnemius
- subtedninous bursa under medial head of gastrocnemius

Question 7

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment in the deep layer

Answer 7

1. popliteus
2. flexor hallucis longus
   -flexor digitorum longus
   -tibialis posterior

Question 8

Arteries of the posterior comparment

Answer 8

1. popliteal artery comes from the adductor hiatus
2. it then bifurcates after the popliteal fossa into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery
3. posterior tibial artery continues down the posterior compartment
4. branch of the posterior tibial artery is the fibular artery

Question 9

nerves of the posterior compartment

Answer 9

1. tibial has a branch that comes off it called the sural
   -it is a cutaneous nerve and supplies the lateral aspect of the ankle and fooot

Question 10

Tarsal tunnel

Answer 10

-flexor retinaculum: band of CT that goes from the medial malleolus to the sustintaculum tali of the calcaneous

contents: (anterior to posterior)
1. tibialis posterior
2. flexor digitorum longus
3. posterior tibial artery
4. posterior tibial vein
5. tibial nerve
6. flexor hallucis longus
(Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry)

Question 11

Intertarsal joints

Answer 11

-subtalar joint
-calcaneocuboid
-talocalcaneonavicular

Question 12

subtalar joint

Answer 12

-inferior to talus
-inversion and eversion occur here

Question 13

transverse tasal joint

Answer 13

-talocalcaneonavicular: talus superior and calcaneus inferior and the navicular bone

-calcaneocuboid: anterior calcaneus and cuboid

Question 14

talocalcaneonavicular joint ligaments

Answer 14

-Talonavicular ligament: superior to talonavicular joint
-plantar calcaneonavicular ligament: runs inferior to joint

Question 15

Calcaneocuboid ligament

Answer 15

-bifurcated ligament (Y-shaped)
-dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 16

Talocrural joint articular surfaces and movement

Answer 16

articular surfaces: medial malleolus of tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula and superior talus
-movement dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Question 17

medial ankle ligaments

Answer 17

Deltoid ligaments:
- anterior tibiotalar ligament
- tibionavicular ligament
- posterior tibiotalar ligament
- tibiocalcaneal

Question 18

Lateral ankle ligaments

Answer 18

-posterior talofibular
-anterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular

Question 19

Muscles in the anterior compartment
- common innervation
- artery supply
- common action

Answer 19

• tibialis anterior
• extensor hallucis longus
• extensor digitorum longus
• peroneus (fibularis) tertius
• deep peroneal nerve
• anterior tibial artery
• action dorsiflexion

Question 20

extensor retinaculum

Answer 20

• Superior extensor retinaculum: fibular to tibia above the ankle
• inferior extensor retinaculum: Y-Shaped; calcaneus to medial malleolus on the medial side of the foot

Question 21

Muscles of the lateral compartment

Answer 21

-peroneus longus
-peroneus brevis

Question 22

Peroneal (fibular) retinaculum

Answer 22

-superior and inferior portion on the lateral side

Question 23

Anterior compartment arteries

Answer 23

-anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis

Question 24

anterior compartment nerves

Answer 24

deep peroneal nerve

Question 25

Lateral compartment arteries

Answer 25

• no major arteries pass through the lateral compartmetn
  -supplied by branches from fibular artery

Question 26

Lateral compartment nerve

Answer 26

-common peroneal
-superficial peroneal
-deep peroneal