Joints and ligaments and compartments of extremities Flashcards
what are the joints of the shoulder girdle
scapulothoracic
sternoclavicular
acromiocalvicular
glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic joint
(describe/motions)
-Functional articulation: it is the scapula moving on the posterior wall of the thoracic
-motions:
1. elevation/depression
2. abduction (protraction)/adduction (retraction)
3. upward rotation (lateral rotation)/downward rotation (medial rotation)
Sternoclavicular joint
(articulating surfaces, any accessory structures, and movements)
(SC) joint
-articulating surfaces: medial clavicle and manubrium of sternum
-Accessory structures: Articular disc
-movements:
1. elevation/depression of clavicle
2. protraction/retraction oof clavicle
3. upward rotation/downward rotation of clavicle
S-C joint ligaments
Anterior sternoclavicular: medial clavicle to manubrium (in the anterior side)
posterior sternoclavicular: medial clavicle to manubrium (posterior side)
interclavicular: Between the clavicle onto the manubrium
costoclavicular: under the clavicle onto the ribs
Acromioclavicular joint
Articulating surfaces: lateral clavicle and medial acromion
Accessory structures: articular disc
Motions: glides with scapulothoracic motion s (cannot voluntarily move the AC joint without moving the scapular
A-C ligaments
Capsule: wraps around the joint
Acromioclavicular: around the AC capsule
Coracoclavicular: keeps the joint from dislocating:
1. conoid: band more conical and medial
2. trapezoid: band thats trapezoid like and more lateral
Glenohumaral joint
Articular surfaces: glenoid fossa and head of humerus
accessory structures: glenoid labrum (cartilaginous ring)
Coracoacromio ligament
supports superior aspect of GH joint and prevents superior dislocation
component of corcaco-acromial arch (acromian, coracoid process and ligament)
Joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint
-fibrous membrane lined by synovial membrane that forms bursa where tendons/areas of high friction
-attaches around glenoid fossa of scapula and anatomical neck of humerus
-superior, anterior, and inferior portion reinforced with glenohumeral ligaments
-inferior region has axillary fold to allow increased range for abduction (gives slack in the joint)
Bursae (of the shoulder)
-a fluid filled joint
1. subacromial: between supraspinatus tendons and acromion
2. subdeltoid: between deltoid and joint capsule
-these can become inflammed
G-H ligaments
- coracohumeral (coracoid process to humerus)
- Superior, Middle, Inferior Glenohumeral ligaments (reinforce anteriorly and superiorly)
- Transverse humeral (between tubercles and encapsulates the bicep tendon
Elbow joint articulations and motions
- trochlea of the humerus with trochlear notch of the ulna
- Capitulum of humerus with radial head
- movement: forearm flexion/extension - proximal radio-ulnar joint: head of radius with radial notch of ulna
- movement: forearm pronation/supination
Elbow joint ligaments
- radial collateral ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament (Tommy John surgery fixes)
- annular ligament
- joint capsule
What are the compartments of the arm and what separates them?
- anterior
- poster
-lateral intermuscular septum, humerus, medial intermuscular septum
What is the action and innervation of the anterior compartment muscles of the arm?
common action: elbow flexion
common innervation: musculocutaneous C5-C7
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
What is the neurovasulature of the anterior compartment of the arm?
- brachial artery (inferior margin o fetes major and crosses elbow joint medial to biceps tendon)
- musculocutaneous nerve:
-origin: lateral cord, brachial plexus
-emerges laterally, continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
- innervation: motor to anterior compartment and sensory to skin on lateral forearm - Median nerve: travels through arm with brachial artery and crosses elbow anteriorly (just passes through)
What is the cubital fossa?
-borders?
-contents?
-area of transition between arm and forearm
borders:
-brachioradialis (lateral)
-pronator teres(medial)
-horizontal line between medial and lateral humerus epicondyles
Contents:
-median nerve
-brachial artery
-biceps tendon
What are the arm posterior compartment muscles action and innervation
common action: elbow extension
common innovation: radial C5-T1
what are the muscles of the posterior compartment?
- triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, medial head)
What is the poster compartment neuromuscular?
- deep brachial profound brachii: travels in radial groove with radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve: just passes through the arm
-origin: medial cord of brachial plexus
-crosses groove of humerus - radial nerve (posterior): enters arm with profunda brachii artery in triangular interval and passes medial to lateral in radial groove
- radial nerve (anterior): distal arm emerges laterally and is a motor neuron to triceps brachii and then sensory to the posterior arm
Distal radio-ulnar joint
-articular surfaces
-accessory structures
-articular surfaces: head of ulna and ulna notch of radius
-accessory structures: articular disc
-interosseous membrane: fibrous sheath that connects boarders of radius and ulna/transmits face back and forth and keep the bones from separating
Posterior compartment of the forearm superficial layer muscles
-brachioradialis
-anconeus
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpiradialis brevis
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digitorum minimi
Posterior compartment of the forearm deep layer muscles
-supinator
-extesnor indicis
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
-extensor pollicis longus An
Anterior compartment of the forearm superficial layer muscles
-pronator teres
-flexor carpi radialis
-palmaris longus
-flexor carpi ulnaris
Anterior compartment of the forearm intermediate layer muscles
-flexor digitorum superficialis
Anterior compartment of the forearm deep layer muscles
-flexor digitorm profundus
-flexor pollicis longus
-pronator quadratus
