Abdominal cavity Flashcards
Abdominal cavity borders+ contents
superiorly: diaphragm
inferiorly: superior margins of pelvis
- digestive system
- urogenital system
- endocrine system
- spleen
Diaphragm attachments and innervation
Attachments:
1. xiploid process
2. costal magins
3. ribs 11 and 12
4. lumbar vertebra
Innervation:
1. phrenic nerve C3-C5
- right and left nerve that pass through the thoracic cavity between the pleura and pericardium
what are the openings in the diaphragm
- caval opening
- esophageal opening
- aortic hiatus
What structure(s) pass through the caval opening
-inferior vena cava
-located on the right and anterior to the aorta
esophageal hiatus
esophagus
vagus nerve
-left of midline and anterior to aorta
aortic hiatus
aorta
- left of midline and posterior to diaphragm
Lumbar plexus nerves
- subcostal
- iliohypogastic
- ilioinguinal
- genitofemoral
- femoral
- lateral femoral cutaneous
- obturator
subcostal nerve
- ventral root of T12
- motor to abdominal muscles
- sensory to T12 dermatome
iliohypogastic nerve
Ventral root of L1
- motor Internal oblique and transverse abdominal
- sensory hypogastric region
ilioinguinal nerve
- ventral ramus L1
- motor of internal oblique and transverse abdominis
- sensory to inguinal region
genitofemoral nerve
- ventral rami of L1-L2
- sensory only: external genitalia and femoral triangle
- pierces psoas major, travels on its surface
femoral nerve
- ventral rami L2-L4
- motor: anterior compartment thigh
- sensory: anterior thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Ventral rami L2-L3
- emerges lateral to psoas major and crosses iliacus
- sensory to lateral thigh
obturator nerve
L2-L4 ventral rami
- motor: medial compartment
- sensory: mediaal thigh
Sacral plexus
- anterior rami of S1-S4 and lumbosacral tank (ventral rami L4-L5)
- major nerves: superior/inferior gluteal, sciatic
superior gluteal Nerve
L4-S1
- super to piriformis
- motor: glute med, glute min, TFL
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
- motor: glute max
sciatic
L4-S3
- inferior to piriformis
-motor: hamstrings, all leg muscles
- sensory: posterior thigh, skin below the knee (except medial)
Peritoneum
lines abdominal cavity
- parietal peritoneum: lines abdominal wall
- visceral peritoneum: covers organs
Mesentery
- fold of peritoneum that exists where there is a neurovascular structure exiting the organ
What lies retroperitoneal?
- kidneys
- abdominal aorta
- inferior vena cava
- much of the duodenum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
Stomach
- shape
- what empties into/out
- location
- function
- j-shaped
- esophagus empties into the stomach
- stomach empties into the duodenum
- located into the left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- function: chemical breakdown of proteins begins
Small intestine
- shape
- function
- largest part of GI tract
- hallow tube
- digestion is completed
- all absorption occurs
- parts = duodenum, jejunum, ileum
duodenum
- first part of the small intestine (smallest segment)
- C- shaped and wrapped around pacreas
- first part is intrapersonal then goes retroperitoneal
- function: mixes chemical secretions from the liver and gallbladder with the stomach secretions to facilitate digestion
Jejunum
- proximal
- LUQ
- larger and thicker than ileum
Ileum
- distal
- RLQ
- smaller and thinner than jejunum
- opens to large intestine
Large intestine
- cecum: Right iliac region
- ascending colon: right abdomen to the right hypocondrium (hepatic flexure = curve)
- transverse colon (splenic flexture = curve)
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- anus
cecum:
- ileum connects with cecum
- beginning of large intestine
- blind-ended sac
- RLQ
Appendix
RLQ
- attached to cecum
- function: unknown
- McBurney’s point = 1/3 of the way from ASIS to umbilicus q
Appendix
RLQ
- attached to cecum
- function: unknown
- McBurney’s point = 1/3 of the way from ASIS to umbilicus
Liver
- largest gland in the body
- Located in the RUQ
- functions in
1. producing bile to digest fat
2. filters blood for digestive tract
3. detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes drugs
Gallbladder
- pear-shaped sac
- lies on visceral surface of right lobe of the liver
- receives, concentrates and stores bile from the liver
Pancreas
- retroperitoneal, mostly posterior to the stomach
- function:
1. produce enzymes that empty into the duodenum
2. digest carbs, proteins and fats
3. produce insulin and glucagon
Spleen
- lies against diaphragm in LUQ
- functions:
1. stores blood - phagocytizes foreign blood particles
- produce WBC
- recycles RBC
Kidneys
- retroperritoneal
- functions:
1. filters blood
2. excretes toxins, metabolic waste, excess ions
3. regulates blood volume
4. maintains proper balance of water, salts, acids and bases
Ureters
- transports urine from kidneys to the bladder
- anterior to psoas major, bifurcation of common iliac artery
Hepatic portal system
- receives venous blood from the liver spleen pancreas gallbladder and GI tract
- the portal vein delivers blood to the liver
- blood passes through a vascular bed in the liver to remove nutrients and filter toxins in the blood
- venous blood from the liver then return to the inferior vena cava
Refered pain theory
- occurs when sensory information comes to SC from one location
- interpreted as coming rom another location innervated by the same SC level
- when pain information comes from region with low amount of sensory output, it is interpreted as coming from the area innervated by the same SC level
Pelvic floor diaphragm
- levator ani muscles: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus
- coccyges muscles
