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Human Anatomy 1 > Abdominal cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal cavity borders+ contents

A

superiorly: diaphragm
inferiorly: superior margins of pelvis
- digestive system
- urogenital system
- endocrine system
- spleen

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2
Q

Diaphragm attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
1. xiploid process
2. costal magins
3. ribs 11 and 12
4. lumbar vertebra

Innervation:
1. phrenic nerve C3-C5
- right and left nerve that pass through the thoracic cavity between the pleura and pericardium

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3
Q

what are the openings in the diaphragm

A
  • caval opening
  • esophageal opening
  • aortic hiatus
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4
Q

What structure(s) pass through the caval opening

A

-inferior vena cava
-located on the right and anterior to the aorta

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5
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus
vagus nerve
-left of midline and anterior to aorta

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6
Q

aortic hiatus

A

aorta
- left of midline and posterior to diaphragm

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7
Q

Lumbar plexus nerves

A
  • subcostal
  • iliohypogastic
  • ilioinguinal
  • genitofemoral
  • femoral
  • lateral femoral cutaneous
  • obturator
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8
Q

subcostal nerve

A
  • ventral root of T12
  • motor to abdominal muscles
  • sensory to T12 dermatome
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9
Q

iliohypogastic nerve

A

Ventral root of L1
- motor Internal oblique and transverse abdominal
- sensory hypogastric region

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10
Q

ilioinguinal nerve

A
  • ventral ramus L1
  • motor of internal oblique and transverse abdominis
  • sensory to inguinal region
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11
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A
  • ventral rami of L1-L2
  • sensory only: external genitalia and femoral triangle
  • pierces psoas major, travels on its surface
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12
Q

femoral nerve

A
  • ventral rami L2-L4
  • motor: anterior compartment thigh
  • sensory: anterior thigh
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13
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

Ventral rami L2-L3
- emerges lateral to psoas major and crosses iliacus
- sensory to lateral thigh

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14
Q

obturator nerve

A

L2-L4 ventral rami
- motor: medial compartment
- sensory: mediaal thigh

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15
Q

Sacral plexus

A
  • anterior rami of S1-S4 and lumbosacral tank (ventral rami L4-L5)
  • major nerves: superior/inferior gluteal, sciatic
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16
Q

superior gluteal Nerve

A

L4-S1
- super to piriformis
- motor: glute med, glute min, TFL

17
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2
- motor: glute max

18
Q

sciatic

A

L4-S3
- inferior to piriformis
-motor: hamstrings, all leg muscles
- sensory: posterior thigh, skin below the knee (except medial)

19
Q

Peritoneum

A

lines abdominal cavity
- parietal peritoneum: lines abdominal wall
- visceral peritoneum: covers organs

20
Q

Mesentery

A
  • fold of peritoneum that exists where there is a neurovascular structure exiting the organ
21
Q

What lies retroperitoneal?

A
  • kidneys
  • abdominal aorta
  • inferior vena cava
  • much of the duodenum
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
22
Q

Stomach
- shape
- what empties into/out
- location
- function

A
  • j-shaped
  • esophagus empties into the stomach
  • stomach empties into the duodenum
  • located into the left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • function: chemical breakdown of proteins begins
23
Q

Small intestine
- shape
- function

A
  • largest part of GI tract
  • hallow tube
  • digestion is completed
  • all absorption occurs
  • parts = duodenum, jejunum, ileum
24
Q

duodenum

A
  • first part of the small intestine (smallest segment)
  • C- shaped and wrapped around pacreas
  • first part is intrapersonal then goes retroperitoneal
  • function: mixes chemical secretions from the liver and gallbladder with the stomach secretions to facilitate digestion
25
Q

Jejunum

A
  • proximal
  • LUQ
  • larger and thicker than ileum
26
Q

Ileum

A
  • distal
  • RLQ
  • smaller and thinner than jejunum
  • opens to large intestine
27
Q

Large intestine

A
  • cecum: Right iliac region
  • ascending colon: right abdomen to the right hypocondrium (hepatic flexure = curve)
  • transverse colon (splenic flexture = curve)
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • anus
28
Q

cecum:

A
  • ileum connects with cecum
  • beginning of large intestine
  • blind-ended sac
  • RLQ
29
Q

Appendix

A

RLQ
- attached to cecum
- function: unknown
- McBurney’s point = 1/3 of the way from ASIS to umbilicus q

30
Q

Appendix

A

RLQ
- attached to cecum
- function: unknown
- McBurney’s point = 1/3 of the way from ASIS to umbilicus

31
Q

Liver

A
  • largest gland in the body
  • Located in the RUQ
  • functions in
    1. producing bile to digest fat
    2. filters blood for digestive tract
    3. detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes drugs
32
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • pear-shaped sac
  • lies on visceral surface of right lobe of the liver
  • receives, concentrates and stores bile from the liver
33
Q

Pancreas

A
  • retroperitoneal, mostly posterior to the stomach
  • function:
    1. produce enzymes that empty into the duodenum
    2. digest carbs, proteins and fats
    3. produce insulin and glucagon
34
Q

Spleen

A
  • lies against diaphragm in LUQ
  • functions:
    1. stores blood
  • phagocytizes foreign blood particles
  • produce WBC
  • recycles RBC
35
Q

Kidneys

A
  • retroperritoneal
  • functions:
    1. filters blood
    2. excretes toxins, metabolic waste, excess ions
    3. regulates blood volume
    4. maintains proper balance of water, salts, acids and bases
36
Q

Ureters

A
  • transports urine from kidneys to the bladder
  • anterior to psoas major, bifurcation of common iliac artery
37
Q

Hepatic portal system

A
  • receives venous blood from the liver spleen pancreas gallbladder and GI tract
  • the portal vein delivers blood to the liver
  • blood passes through a vascular bed in the liver to remove nutrients and filter toxins in the blood
  • venous blood from the liver then return to the inferior vena cava
38
Q

Refered pain theory

A
  • occurs when sensory information comes to SC from one location
  • interpreted as coming rom another location innervated by the same SC level
  • when pain information comes from region with low amount of sensory output, it is interpreted as coming from the area innervated by the same SC level
39
Q

Pelvic floor diaphragm

A
  • levator ani muscles: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus
  • coccyges muscles

Human Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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