Thoracic cavity Flashcards
What are the three cavities of the thoracic cavity
- mediastinum
- left pulmonary cavity
- right pulmonary cavity
Superior thoracic aperture
- “thoracic outlet” (can be compressed)
borders: - T1
- 1st rib and costal cartilages
- superior manubrium
inferior thoracic aperture borders
borders:
- T12
- ribs 11 and 12
- costal cartilages of 7-10
- xiphisternal joint
Pleural sac
- two layers:
- visceral pleura: covers the lung
- parietal pleura: lines pulmonary cavity
Root of the lung
- what does it do and what are they
- lungs attached to the mediastinum by the roots of the lung
- bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, nerve plexuses and lymphatics
Hilum
- wedge-shaped area on the medial lung
- structures of root of lung pass such as pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and bronchus
describe the bronchial tree
- trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi
- the left and right bronchi each divide into the lobar bronchi
- the lobar bronchi each divide into segmental bronchi
Surface anatomy of the lungs both anterior and posterior
anterior:
- apex extends above 1st rib: lung complications can arise with neck injuries
- inferior lung extends to 7th rib anteriorly due to the diaphragm being higher anteriorly
Posterior:
- apex extends above 1st rib
- inferiorly lung extends to 10th rib due to the diaphragm being lower in the back
Mediastinum contents
- pericardium: CT that encloses the heart
- heart
- roots of great vessels: ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior and inferior vena cava
Base of the heart
- direction
- heart chambers
- great veins
- quadrilateral: directed posteriorly
- heat chamber: left atrium (has the four pulmonary veins)
- great veins that can be seen: superior and inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins
Anterior surface of heart
- directed
- heart chamber
- great veins
- faces sternum
- heart chamber: right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk can be seen as well as the bifurcation of to form the pulmonary arteries
Diaphragmatic surface of the heart
- seperation
- heart chambers
- rests on diaphragm
- extends from base to apex
- separated from base by the coronary sinus
- heart chambers: left and right ventricle
what are/what is the purpose of the External sulci of the heart
- divisions between chambers produce external grooves sulci
- coronary sulcus: circles the heart and separates atria from ventricles
- anterior and posterior interventricular sulci: separate the left and right ventricles
Sulci- anterior surface of heart
- coronary sulucs: separates atria from ventricles
- anterior interventricular sulcus: separates left and right ventricles
sulci- diaphragmatic surface
- posterior interventricular sulcus: separates left and right ventricles
- coronary sulcus: separates diaphragmatic surface from the base of the heart
Heart - Anterior vessels that Can be seen
- vena cava: empty into the right atrium
- pulmonary trunk: divides into pulmonary arteries
Heart posterior
- base of heart
- vena cava: empties into left atrium
- pulmonary veins: empty into left atrium
Valves of the heart
1. right atrium to right ventricle
2. right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
3. left atrium to left ventricle
4. left ventricle to aorta
- tricuspid
- pulmonary valve
- mitral valve
- aortic valve
Coronary vasculature: right coronary artery
- comes off the aortic sinuses and circle the heart in coronary sulcus
- branches off as the marginal branch that travels to the apex
- branches off as the posterior interventricular
Coronary vasculature: left coronary artery
- comes off the aortic sinuses and circles the heart in the coronary sulcus
- branches off as the circumflex: under the left article
- branches off as the anterior interventricular (very deadly if as MI occurs here) `
Cardiac veins
- coronary sinus:
- large vein
- travels in coronary sulcus and empties into the right atrium
