AOI Flashcards
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin:
1. T7-sacrum (SP)
2. posterior iliac crest
3. posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
4. lower 4 ribs (8-12)
insertion:
1. floor of the intertubercular floor of the humerus
Action:
1. IR (medially rotates arm)
2. extends the arm
3. adducts the arm
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
Trapezius
Origin:
1. superior nuchal line
2. external occipital protuberance
3. SP C7-T12
4. ligamentum nuchae
Insertion:
1. lateral clavicle
2. acromion
3. tubercle fo scapular spine
Action:
1. upper fibers: elevate the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula
2. medial fibers: retract (adduct) the scapula
3. lower fibers: depress the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula
Innervation:
1. accessory nerve C3, C4
Rhomboideus major
Origin:
1. T2-T5 SP
Insertion:
1. medial border of scapula (between inferior angle and spine of scapula)
Action:
1. retracts the scapula
2. downwardly/medially rotates the scapula
3. elevates the scapula
Innervation:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Rhomboideus minor
Origins:
1. SP of C7-T1
Insertion:
1. medial border of scapula (between the inferior angle and the spine)
Action:
1. elevates the scapula
2. downwardly rotates the scapula
3. retracts the scapula
Innervation:
1. dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5
Levator scapulae
origin:
1. TP of C1,C4
Insertion:
1. upper portion of medial scapula (around superior angle)
Action:
1. elevate the scapula
2. downwardly/medially rotate the scapula
innervation:
1. dorsal scapular nerve
Thoracolumbar fascia
3 layers:
- posterior attaches to spinous process
-middle attaches to transverse process
-anterior attached to the transverse process
abdominal muscles blend with lateral portion of T-L fascia
Deltoid
Origin:
1. lateral clavicle
2. acromion
3. spine of scapula
Insertion:
1. deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:
1. anterior fibers: flex the shoulder
2. middle/all fibers: adduct the shoulder
3. posterior fibers extend the shoulder
Innervation:
1. axillary nerver C5,C6
Teres Major
Origin:
1. inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion:
1. medial lip of the intertubercular groove
Action:
1. medially rotate the arm
2. adduct the arm
3. extend the arm
Innervation:
1. Inferior subscapular nerveC6,C7
Supraspinatus
Origin:
1. supraspinatus fossa
Insertion:
2. superior facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. initiates abduction
Innervation:
1. supra scapular nerve C5,C6
Infraspinatus
Origin:
1. infraspinatus fossa
Insertion:
1. middle facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm
Innervation:
1. suprascapular nerve C5,C6
Teres Minor
Origin:
1. lateral border of the scapula (upper 2/3)
Insertion:
1. inferior facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm
Innveration:
1. axillary nerve C5,C6
Subscapularis
Origin:
1. subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion:
1. lesser tubercle
Action:
1. IR (medial rotation) of the humerus
Innveration:
1. upper subscapular C5-C7
2. lower subscapular nerve C5-C7
Pectoralis major:
Origin:
1. clavicular head: medial 1/2 of the clavicle
3. sternal end: sternum and coastal cartilages of ribs 1-7
Insertion:
1. lateral lip of the intertubercular groove
Action:
1. medially rotates the arm
2. flexes the arm
3. adducts the arm
4. sternal end will extend the arm when coming from flexion
Innervation:
1. lateral pectoral nerve C5-C7
2. medial pectoral nerve C8-T1
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
1. ribs 3-5
Insertion:
1. coracoid process
Action:
1. protracts the scapula
2. downward rotation of the scapula
Innervation:
1. medial pectoral nerve C6-T1
Subclavian
Origin:
1. medial first rib
Insertion:
1. medial 1/3 of clavicle
Action:
1.stabilize the SC joint
Innervation:
1. nerve to subclavian C5,C6
Serratus anterior
Origin:
1. Ribs 1-8/9 (lateral surfaces)
Insertion:
1. medial boarder of the scapula
Actions:
1. upwardly/laterally rotates the scapula
2. protracts the scapula
Innervation
1. long thoracic nerve C5-C7
Coracobrachialis
Origin:
1. coracoid process
Insertion:
1. medial humerus
Action:
1. shoulder flexion
innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C7
Biceps brachii
Origin:
1. long head: supraglenoid fossa (through inter-tubercular groove)
2. short head: coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion:
1. radial tuberosity
action:
1. elbow flexion
2. forearm supination (assists)
3. arm flexion (long head)
Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6
Brachialis
origin:
1. Anterior humerus (deep to biceps)
Insertion:
1. ulnar tuberosity (just inferior to coronoid process)
Action:
1. elbow flexion
Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6
Triceps brachii
Origin:
1. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
2. lateral head: poster humerus superior to radial glove
3. medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
Insertion:
1. olecranon process of ulna
Action:
1. Elbow extension (all three heads)
2. arm extension (long head)
3. arm adduction (long head)
Innervation:
1.radial nerve C6-C8
Brachioradialis
Origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion:
1. lateral/distal side of the radius
Action:
1. flexes the elbow, when forearm is in mid-pronation
Innervation:
1. Radial nerve C5,C6
Anconeus
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. olecranon process
2. posterior proximal ulna
Action:
1. abducts ulna during pronation (allows for pronation)
2. assists with elbow extension
innervation
1. radial nerve C6-C8
Extensor Carpi radialis longus
origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
1. base of 2nd metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. radial deviation (abducts the wrist)
Innervation:
1. radial C6,C7
Common extensor tendon
this is a common origin around the lateral epicondyle
origin for:
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
1. base of 3rd metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. abducts wrist (radial deviation)
Innervation: radial (deep branch C7,C8)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
origin
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus/common extensor tendon
Insertion:
1. base of 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. adducts wrist
Innervation:
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8
Extensor digitorum
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
1. bases of middle and distal phalanges of finger 2-5 via extensor hoods
Action:
1. extends fingers 2-5
Inneravtion:
1. Posterior interosseous C7,C8
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. extensor expansion of finger 5
Action:
1. extends finger 5
Innervation
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8
supinator
Origin:
1. superficial head: lateral epicondyle of humerus/anular ligament
2. deep head: supinator crest (posterolateral ulna)
Insertion:
1. proximal radius
Action
1. supinates forearm
Innervation
1. radial (deep branch)
C6,C7
Extensor indicis
Origin:
1. posterior ulna
Insertion
1. extensor hood of index finger
Action
1. exntends 2nd finger
Innervation
1. psterior interosseous C7,C8
Abductor pollicis longus
origin:
1. posterior radius
2. mid-portion of posterolateral ulna
Insertion
1. base of metacarpal 1
actions:
1. abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
2. helps with thumb extension
Innervation:
1 posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin:
1. posterior radius
Insertion:
1. base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Action:
1. extends the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint
2. assists with 1st CMC extension
innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin:
1. Posterior ulna
Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Action:
1. extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint (IP)
2. assists with extension of CMC and MCP
innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Pronator teres
Origin:
1. Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus, medial supracondrylar ridge
2. ulnar head: medial side coronoid process of ulna
Insertion:
1. lateral side shaft of the radius
Action:
1. pronates the forearm
innervation: median nerve C6,C7
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. base of the second and third metacarpals
Action:
1. flexes the wrist,
2. abducts the hand (radial deviation)
innervation:
1. median nerve C6,C7
Palmaris longus
Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. palmar aponeurosis (thick layer of deep fasic to keep skin on palm)
Action:
1. flexes the wrist (weak)
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin:
1. humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
2. ulanr head: olecranon process and posterior border of ulna
Insertion:
1. pisiform
2. hamate
3. base of 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. flexes wrist,
2. adducts hand
innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C7,C8,T1
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin:
1. humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
2. radial head: oblique line of radius
Insertion:
1. four tendons that bifurcate to attach to palmar surfaces of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
Action:
1. flexes the PIP joints of fingers 2-5
innervation:
1. median nerve C8-T1
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin:
1. anterior/medial ulna
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. 4 tendons attach to palmar surface of distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 (pass through the split)
Action:
1. flexes the DIP joint of finger 2-5
innervation:
1. median nerve (radial one-half);
2. ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
C8,T1
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin:
1. anterior surface of radius
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (palmar side)
Action:
1. flexes the interphalangeal joints of the thumb
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Pronator Quadratus
Origin:
1. distal anterior surface the ulna
Insertion:
1. distal anterior surface of the radius
Action:
1. pronates the forearm
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Dorsal interossei (hand)
Origin:
1: 1st metacarpal (medially) and 2nd metacarpal laterally
2: 2nd metacarpal (medially) and 3rd metacarpal laterally
3: 3rd metacarpal laterally and 4th metacarpal medially
4: 4th metacarpal laterally and 5th metacarpal medially
Insertion:
-proximal phalanges of 2-4 (2nd=lateral, 3=medial and lateral, 4-medial)
Action:
1. MCP abduction of fingers 2,3,4 (dab)
Innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C8,T1
Palmar interossei
Origin:
1. Medial 1st metacarpal
2. Medial 2nd metacarpal
3. Lateral 4th metacarpal
4. lateral 5th metacarpal
Insertion:
1. Medial 1st proximal phalanx
2. medial 2nd proximal phalanx
3. Lateral 4th proximal phalanx
4. Lateral 5th proximal phalanx
action:
1. adduct fingers 1,2,4,5
Innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C8,T1
Opponens pollicis
origin:
1. tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. 1st metacarpal
Action:
1. medially rotates thumb
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
abductor pollicis brevis
origin:
1. tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx, extensor hood of thumb
Action:
1. abduct the thumb MCP joint
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
Flexor pollicis brevis
origin:
1. tubercule of trapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
proximal phalanx of thumb
Action:
1. flexes thumb MCP joint
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
Abductor digit minimi
Origin:
1. pisiform, pisohamate ligament, tendon of FCU
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx of little finger
Action:
1. abducts 5th finger MCP joint
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
Origin:
1. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx of little finger
Action:
1. flexes 5th finger MCP joint
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
opponens digiti minimi
Origin:
1. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
Lumbrical muscles
origin:
1. tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion:
1. extensor hood
Action:
1. flex MCP joints
2. extend IP joint lumbrical position
Innervation:
1. 1st and 2nd (laterally) = median nerve
2. 3rd and 4th (medially) =deep branch ulnar
adductor pollicis
origin:
1. transverse head: 3rd metacarpal
2. oblique head: capitate and bases of 2nd and 3d metacarpals
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of thumb
action:
1. adducts the thumb
Innervation:
1. ulnar never (deep branch) C8,T1
Serratus posterior superior
Origin:
1. C7-T3 SP
Insertion:
1. Ribs 2-5 (Run out laterally)
Action:
1. elevates the ribs
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of the thoracic nerves
Serratus Posterior inferior
Origin:
1. T11-L3 SP
Insertion:
1. Ribs 9-12
Action:
1. depress the ribs
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of thoracic nerves
Splenius Capitis
Origin:
1. spinous processes of C7-T4
Insertion:
1. mastoid process
2. lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
Action:
1. bilateral: extend neck
2. Unilateral: ipsilateral neck rotation
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami of cervical nerves
Splenius cervicis
Origin:
1. Spinous processes of T3-T-6
Insertion:
1. Transverse processes of C1-C3
Action:
1. Bilateral: Extend neck
2. Unilateral: Ipsilateral neck rotation
Innervation: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
Iliocostalis (erector spinae)
Lateral column
divisions:
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis
Origin:
1. Sacrum
2. lumbar spinous process
3. iliac crest
Insertion:
1. Angles of ribs
2. cervical transverse processes
Action:
1. bilateral: trunk extension
unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami
Longissimus
Middle column (erector spinae)
Divisions:
-thoracis
-cervicis
-capitis
Origin:
1. Thoracic and cervical TP
Insertion:
1. Thoracic and cervical TP
2. mastoid process
Action:
bilateral: trunk extension
unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion
Innervation:
dorsal rami
Spinalis
Medial column (erector spinae)
Divisions:
- thoracis
-cervicis
-capitis
Origin:
1. thoracic and cervical spinous process
Insertion:
1. thoracic and cervical spinous process
2. blends with semispinalis capitis
Action:
1. bilateral: trunk extension
2. unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion
Innervation:
dorsal rami
Transversospinales
Origin:
1. transverse process
Insertion:
2. spinous process
-Semispinalis: spans 4-6 vertebrae (Occiput-thoracic)
-multifidus: spans 2-4 vertebrae (deep to semispinalis)
-rotatores: spans 1-2 vertebrae (deep to semispinalis thoracic)
Action:
1. Bilateral: extend trunk
2. unilateral: contralateral trunk rotation
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami
Segmental Muscles: levatores costrum
Origin:
1. Thoracic TP
Insertion:
1. Rib below
Action:
1. stabilize vertebral column
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami
Segmental muscles: interspinales
Origin:
1. SP
Insertion:
1. SP below
Action:
1. stabilize vertebral column
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami
Segmental muscles: intertransversarrii
Origin:
1. TP
Insertion:
1. TP below
Action:
1. stabilize the vertebral column
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami
Scalene
Anterior scalene
middle scalene
posterior scalene
Origin:
1. cervical TP
Insertion:
1. rib 1 or rib 2
Action:
1. elevation of rib 1 or 2
Innervation:
1. cervical ventral rami
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Origin:
1. C1 SP
Insertion:
1. medial occipital bone
Action:
1. Stabilize the head
Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve (C1)
Rectus capitis posterior major
Origin:
1. C2 SP
Insertion:
1. lateral occipital bone
Action
1. stabilize head and neck
Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve (C1)
Obliquus capitis superior
Origin:
1. C1 TP
Insertion:
1. occiput
Action:
1. stabilize Head and neck
Innervation:
- suboccipital nerve C1
obliquus capitis inferior
Origin:
1. C2 SP
Insertion:
1. C1 TP
Action:
1. stabilize head and neck
Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve
Gluteus Minimus
Origin:
1. ilium
2. between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
Action:
1. Hip abduction
Innveration:
1. Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
Gluteus Medius
Origin:
1. ilium
2. between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion:
1. greater trochanter of the femur
Action:
1. Hip abduction
Innveration:
1. Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
Gluteus Maximus
Origin:
1. ilium (posterior to gluteal line)
2. sacrum
3. coccyx
4. sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion:
1. iliotibial tract
2. Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Action:
1. extends the thigh
2. laterally rotates the thigh
3. abducts the thigh
Innervation:
1. inferior gluteal L5-S2
Tensor Fascia Latte (TFL)
Origin:
1. anterior iliac crest
Insertion:
1. Anterior aspect of iliotibial tract
Action:
1. Flexes hip
2. abducts the hip
3. Medially rotates hip
4. Stabilizes knee in extension
Innervation:
1. superior gluteal L4-S1
Piriformis
Origin:
1. anterior sacrum
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
Innervation:
1. S1, S2
Gemellus Superior
Origin:
1. Ischial spine
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
Innervation:
1. Nerve to obturator interns L5-S2
Obturator internus
Origin:
1. Medial surface of obturator membrane
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
Innervation:
1. Nerve to obturator interns L5-S2
Gemellus Inferior
Origin:
1. ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
1. Greater Trochanter
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
Innervation:
1. Nerve to quadrates femoris L4-S1
Quadratus femoris
Origin:
1. ischium
Insertion:
1. intertrochanteric crest of the femur
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
Innervation:
1. Nerve to quadrates femoris L4-S1
Semitendinosus:
Origin:
1. Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
1. pes anserinus
Action:
1. Knee flexion
2. Hip extension
3. Hip and Knee medial rotation (IR)
Innervation:
1. Tibial division of the sciatic nerve L5-S2
Semimembranosus:
Origin:
1. ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
1. Posterior medial tibial condyle
Action:
1. Knee flexion
2. Hip extension
3. Hip and Knee medial rotation (IR)
Innervation:
1. Tibial division of the sciatic nerve L5-S2
Palmaris brevis
Origin:
1. palmar aponeurosis,
2. flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. dermis of skin of hypothenar region
Action:
1. tightens palmar aponeurosis, tightens grip
Innervation:
1. Superficial branch, ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Quadatus lumborum
Origin:
1. L5 TP
2. iliac crest
insertion:
1. L1-4 TP
2. rib 12
Action:
1. depresses rib 12
2. ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion
Innervation: T12-L4
Psoas Major
Origin:
1. bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5
2. Lumbar TP L1-L5
Insertion:
1. Lesser trochanter of femur
Action:
1. Hip flexion
2. hip ER
3. trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral)
Innervation:
-ventral rami L2-L3
Iliacus
Origin:
1. iliac fossa
Insertion:
1. lesser trochanter
Action:
1. hip flexion
Innervation:
1. Femoral nerve L2-L4
External oblique
Origin:
1. outer surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion:
1. iliac crest
2. aponeurosis ending in linear alba (joining of each side of aponeurosis)
Action:
1. compress abdominal contents
2. B/L = trunk flexion
3. U/L = contralateral trunk rotation
4. U/L = ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion
Innervation:
1. Ventral Rami of T7-T12
Internal oblique
Origin:
1. thoracolumbar fascia
2. iliac crest
3. inguinal ligament
Insertion:
1. linea alba
2. costal cartilages 7-10
Action:
1. compress abdominal contents
2. B/L = trunk flexion
3. U/L = ipsilateral trunk rotation and trunk lateral flexion
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of T8-L1
Transverse abdominis
Origin:
1. iliac crest
2. inguinal ligament
3. thoracolumbar fascia
4. costal cartilage 7-12
Insertion:
1. pubis
2. linea alba
3. xiphoid process of sternum
Action:
1. compress abdominal contents
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of T7-L1
rectus abdominis
Origin:
1. pubis
Insertion:
1. xiphoid process
2. costal cartilages 5-7
Action:
1. compress abdominal contents
2. trunk flexion
Innervation:
1. ventral rami T7-T12
Quadriceps femoris: vastus medialis
Origin:
1. medial lip of linea aspera of femur
Insertion:
1. patella via quadriceps tendon
Action:
1. knee extension
Innervation:
1. femoral L2-L4
Quadriceps femoris: vastus lateralis
Origin:
1. lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
Insertion:
1. patella via quadriceps tendon
Action:
1. knee extension
Innervation:
1. femoral L2-L4
Quadriceps femoris: vastus intermedius
Origin:
1. upper 2/3rd of anterior and lateral femur
Insertion:
1. patella via quadriceps tendon
Action:
1. knee extension
Innervation:
1. femoral L2-L4
quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris
Origin:
1. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Insertion:
1. patella via quadriceps tendon
Action:
1. knee extension
2. hip flexion
Innervation:
1. femoral L2-L4
Sartorius
Origin:
1. ASIS
Insertion:
1. medial proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
Action:
1. hip flexion
2. hip abduction
3. hip ER
4. knee flexion
Innervation:
1. femoral L2,L3
Gracilis
Origin:
1. pubis
2. ischium
Insertion:
1. pes anserinus
Action:
1. Hip adduction
2. knee flexion
Innervation:
1. obturator nerve L2, L3
Pectineus
Origin:
1. pubis
Insertion:
1. between greater trochanter of femur and linea aspera
Action:
1. hip adduction
2. hip flexion
Innervation:
1. femoral L2, L3
Adductor longus
Origin:
1. pubis
Insertion:
1. linea aspira
2. middle 1/3 of femur (linea aspera)
Action:
1. hip adduction
2. Hip IR
Innervation:
1. obturator nerve L2-L4
adductor brevis
Origin:
1. pubis
Insertion:
1. upper 1/3 of linea aspera
Action:
1. hip adduction
2. Hip IR
Innervation:
1.obturator nerve L2,L3
adductor Magnus
Origin:
1. adductor part: pubis
2. hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
1. adductor part: medial femur
2. hamstring part: adductor tubercle/medial epicondyle of femur
Action:
1. hip adduction
2. Hip IR
Innervation:
1. obturator L2-L4 (adductor part)
2. Tibial division of sciatic L4 and obturator L2-L3 (hamstring part)
Obturator externus
Origin:
1. external obturator membrane
Insertion:
1. trochanteric fossa
Action:
1. Hip ER
Innervation:
1. Obturator L2, L3
Popliteus
Origin:
1. posterior tibia
Insertion:
1. Lateral femoral condyle
Action:
1. medially rotates femur on tibia to unlock extended knee
Innervation:
1.Tibial L4-S1
Gastrocnemius
Origin:
1. medial and lateral condyles
Insertion:
1. calcaneus
Action:
1. knee flexion
2. planterflexion
Innervation:
1. tibial nerve S1-S2
Soleus
Origin:
1. poximal posterior tibia
2. proximal posterior fibula
Insertion:
1. calcaneus
Action:
1. Plantarflexion
Innervation:
1. tibial S1-S2
Plantaris
Origin:
1. posterior distal shaft of femur
Insertion:
1. calcaneus
Action:
1. knee flexion
2. ankle plantarflexion
Innervation:
1. tibial S1-S2
Flexor hallucis longus (foot)
Origin:
1. posterior fibula
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. distal phalanx of toe #1
Action:
1. flexes great toe
2. plantarflexion of the foot
3. inverts the foot
Innervation:
1. tibial nerve L5-S2
Flexor digitorum longus (foot)
Origin:
1. posterior middle tibia
Insertion:
1. distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action:
1. action flexion of toes 2-5
2. plantarflexion of foot
3. inversion of foot
Innervation
1. tibial L5-S2
tibialis posterior
Origin:
1. posterior tibia
2. posterior fibula
3. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. calcaneus
2. navicular
3. cuboid
4. metatarsals 2-4
5. cuneiforms
Action:
1. plantarflexion of foot
2. inversion of foot
Innervation:
1. tibial nerve L5-S1
Tibialis anterior
origin:
1. lateral tibia
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. medial cuneform
2. base 1st metatarsal
Action:
1. Ankle dorsiflexion
2. ankle inversion
Innervation:
1. deep peroneal (fibular) L4-L5
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin:
1. medial fibula
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. base distal phalanx of great toe
Action:
1. dorsiflexion
2. great toe extension
Innervation:
1. deep peroneal L5-S1
extensor digitorum longus
Origin:
1. medial fibula
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. dorsal digital expansions of 4 lateral toes
Action:
1. ankle dorsiflexion
2. extension of lateral four toes
Innervation:
1. deep peroneal L5-S1
Peroneus tertius
Origin:
1. medial fibula
Insertion:
1. base of 5th metatarsal
Action:
1. ankle dorsiflexion
2. ankle eversion
Innervation:
1. deep peroneal
L5-S1
Peroneus Longus
Origin:
1. upper lateral fibula
Insertion:
1. base of 1st metatarsal
2. medial cuneiform
Action:
1. ankle eversion
2. ankle plantarflexion
Innervation:
1. superficial peroneal L5-S2
Peroneus brevis
Origin:
1. Lower lateral fibula
Insertion:
1. base of 5th metatarsal
Action:
1. ankle eversion
Innervation:
1. superficial peroneal L5-S2
Extensor Digitorum Brevis (foot)
Origin:
1. superolateral calcaneus
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of great toe
2. EDL tendons, toes 2-4
Action:
1. Extends toes 2-4
Innervation:
1. deep perineal (fibular) S1, S2
Abductor Hallucis (Foot)
Origin:
1. medial calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Action:
1. Abducts, flexes 1st MTP
Innervation:
1. medial plantar S2,S3
Flexor digitorum brevis (foot)
Origin:
1. medial calcaneal tuberosity
2. Plantar aponeurosis
Insertion:
1. middle phalanges 2-5 (bifurcate)
Action:
1. flexes PIP joint lateral 4 toes
Innervation:
1. medial plantar S2, S3
Abductor Digiti minimi (foot)
Origin:
1. calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of toe #5
Action:
1. abducts 5th toe
Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2,S3
Lumbricals of the foot
Origin:
1. tendon of flexor digitorum longus (foot)
Insertion:
1. extensor expansion lateral 4 toes (run medially)
Action:
1. flexes MTP
2. extends IP joints of toes 2-5
Innervation:
1. 1st: medial plantar S2,S3
2. 2nd, 3rd, 4th lateral plantar S2,S3
Quadratus Plantae
Origin:
1. medial calcaneus
2. lateral calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion:
1. lateral side of Flexor digitorum longus tendon in proximal foot
Action:
1. Flexes lateral toes
Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S1-S3
Adductor hallucis
Origin:
1. transverse head: plantar MTP ligaments of lateral 3 toes
2. oblique head: bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4tth metatarsals
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx 1st toe
Action:
1. Adducts 1st toe
Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2,S3
Flexor Digiti minimi brevis (foot)
Origin:
1. Base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx 5th toe
Action:
1. Flexes 5th MTP joint
Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2, S3
Flexor hallucis brevis
Origin:
1. lateral head: cuboid
2. medial head: tendon of tibialis posterior
Insertion:
1. lateral and medial sides of proximal phalanx of great toe
Action:
1. Flexes 1st MTP joint
Innervation:
1. medial plantar nerve S1, S2
Dorsal/plantar interossei (foot)
Origin:
1. Sides of metatarsals
Insertion
1. extensor expansions
Action:
1. abduct toes 2-4 (dorsal)
2. adduct toes 3-5 (plantar)
Innervation:
1. All = lateral plantar S2-S3
2. 1st and 2nd: also deep perineal
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin:
1. sternal head: manubrium
2. clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion:
1. lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line
2. mastoid process
Action:
1. unilateral: ipsilateral neck lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
2. bilateral: draw head forward
Innervation:
1. accessory CN XI
2. Anterior rami of C2, C3
Stylohyoid
origin:
1. styloid process
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing
Innervation:
1. cranial nerves
Diagastric
Origin:
1. anterior belly - inside of mandible
2. posterior belly: mastoid process
Insertion:
1. hyoid (held on by sling of CT)
Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing
Innervation:
1. cranial nerves
Mylohyoid
Origin:
1. mandible
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing
Innervation:
1. cranial nerves
geniohyoid
origin:
1. inner surface of mandible
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing
Innervation:
1. cranial nerves
Sternohyoid
Origin:
1. posterior S-C joint
2. manubrium
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. depress hyoid
Innervation:
1. ventral rami C1-C3
omohyoid
Origin:
1. Superior border of scapula
2. medial to supra scapular notch
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. depress hyoid
Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3
sternothyroid
Origin:
1. manubrium
Insertion:
1. thyroid cartilage
Action:
1. depress hyoid
Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3
thyrohyoid
Origin:
1. thyroid cartilage
Insertion:
1. hyoid
Action:
1. depress hyoid
Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3
Scalenes
Origin:
1. Cervical TP
Insertion:
1. 1 or 2 rib
Action:
1. elevates 1st o 2nd rib (accessory breathing)
Innervation:
1. anterior rami of cervical nerves
Prevertebral muscles
-name them
-action
-innervation
- longus capties
- longus colli
- rectus capitis anterior
- rectus capitis lateralis
-action:
1. flex the head
Innervation:
1. cervical spinal root s
Masseter
Origin:
1. zygomatic arch
Insertion:
1. ramus of mandible
Action:
1. mandibular elevation
2. mandibular retraction (deep par)
Innervation:
1. CN V (trigeminal)
Temporalis
Origin:
1. temporal fossa
Insertion:
1. coronoid process of mandible
Action:
1. Mandibular elevation
2. mandibular retraction (posterior fibers)
Innervation:
1. CN V (trigeminal)
Medial pterygoid
Origin:
1. lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone)
2. maxilla
Insertion:
1. medial surface of mandible
Action:
1. BL: mandibular elevation
2. BL: mandibular protrusion
3. UL: mandibular lateral deviation
Innervation:
1. CN V (trigeminal)
lateral pterygoid
origin:
1. infratemporal crest (sphenoid bone)
2. lateral pterygoid process
Insertion:
1. TMJ capsule
2. neck of mandible
action:
1. BL: mandibular protrusion
2. UL: mandibular lateral deviation
Innervation:
1. CN V (trigeminal)
Levator palpebrae superioris
- action/innervation
- raises upper eyelid
- most superior muscle in the orbit
- innervation: oculomotor nerve CN 3
Extraocular muscles of the eye innervation
- Superior oblique: trochlear nerve CN IV
- lateral recuts: abducent nerve CN VI
- levator papebrae superioris: oculomotor nerve CN 3
- superior rectus: oculomotor nerve CN 3
- inferior rectus: oculomotor nerve CN 3
- medial rectus: oculomotor nerve CN 3
- inferior oblique: oculomotor nerve CN 3
Facial muscles description:
- orbicularis oculi: surrounds the orbital orifice and closes the eye
- Oral group: zygomaticus major/minor, orbicularis oris, buccinator
Actions
1. platysma
2. auricular muscles
3. occipitofrontalis
- tenses skin of neck
- moves ear
- moves the scalp, wrinkles forehead
