AOI Flashcards
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin:
1. T7-sacrum (SP)
2. posterior iliac crest
3. posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
4. lower 4 ribs (8-12)
insertion:
1. floor of the intertubercular floor of the humerus
Action:
1. IR (medially rotates arm)
2. extends the arm
3. adducts the arm
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
Trapezius
Origin:
1. superior nuchal line
2. external occipital protuberance
3. SP C7-T12
4. ligamentum nuchae
Insertion:
1. lateral clavicle
2. acromion
3. tubercle fo scapular spine
Action:
1. upper fibers: elevate the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula
2. medial fibers: retract (adduct) the scapula
3. lower fibers: depress the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula
Innervation:
1. accessory nerve C3, C4
Rhomboideus major
Origin:
1. T2-T5 SP
Insertion:
1. medial border of scapula (between inferior angle and spine of scapula)
Action:
1. retracts the scapula
2. downwardly/medially rotates the scapula
3. elevates the scapula
Innervation:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Rhomboideus minor
Origins:
1. SP of C7-T1
Insertion:
1. medial border of scapula (between the inferior angle and the spine)
Action:
1. elevates the scapula
2. downwardly rotates the scapula
3. retracts the scapula
Innervation:
1. dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5
Levator scapulae
origin:
1. TP of C1,C4
Insertion:
1. upper portion of medial scapula (around superior angle)
Action:
1. elevate the scapula
2. downwardly/medially rotate the scapula
innervation:
1. dorsal scapular nerve
Thoracolumbar fascia
3 layers:
- posterior attaches to spinous process
-middle attaches to transverse process
-anterior attached to the transverse process
abdominal muscles blend with lateral portion of T-L fascia
Deltoid
Origin:
1. lateral clavicle
2. acromion
3. spine of scapula
Insertion:
1. deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:
1. anterior fibers: flex the shoulder
2. middle/all fibers: adduct the shoulder
3. posterior fibers extend the shoulder
Innervation:
1. axillary nerver C5,C6
Teres Major
Origin:
1. inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion:
1. medial lip of the intertubercular groove
Action:
1. medially rotate the arm
2. adduct the arm
3. extend the arm
Innervation:
1. Inferior subscapular nerveC6,C7
Supraspinatus
Origin:
1. supraspinatus fossa
Insertion:
2. superior facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. initiates abduction
Innervation:
1. supra scapular nerve C5,C6
Infraspinatus
Origin:
1. infraspinatus fossa
Insertion:
1. middle facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm
Innervation:
1. suprascapular nerve C5,C6
Teres Minor
Origin:
1. lateral border of the scapula (upper 2/3)
Insertion:
1. inferior facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm
Innveration:
1. axillary nerve C5,C6
Subscapularis
Origin:
1. subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion:
1. lesser tubercle
Action:
1. IR (medial rotation) of the humerus
Innveration:
1. upper subscapular C5-C7
2. lower subscapular nerve C5-C7
Pectoralis major:
Origin:
1. clavicular head: medial 1/2 of the clavicle
3. sternal end: sternum and coastal cartilages of ribs 1-7
Insertion:
1. lateral lip of the intertubercular groove
Action:
1. medially rotates the arm
2. flexes the arm
3. adducts the arm
4. sternal end will extend the arm when coming from flexion
Innervation:
1. lateral pectoral nerve C5-C7
2. medial pectoral nerve C8-T1
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
1. ribs 3-5
Insertion:
1. coracoid process
Action:
1. protracts the scapula
2. downward rotation of the scapula
Innervation:
1. medial pectoral nerve C6-T1
Subclavian
Origin:
1. medial first rib
Insertion:
1. medial 1/3 of clavicle
Action:
1.stabilize the SC joint
Innervation:
1. nerve to subclavian C5,C6
Serratus anterior
Origin:
1. Ribs 1-8/9 (lateral surfaces)
Insertion:
1. medial boarder of the scapula
Actions:
1. upwardly/laterally rotates the scapula
2. protracts the scapula
Innervation
1. long thoracic nerve C5-C7
Coracobrachialis
Origin:
1. coracoid process
Insertion:
1. medial humerus
Action:
1. shoulder flexion
innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C7
Biceps brachii
Origin:
1. long head: supraglenoid fossa (through inter-tubercular groove)
2. short head: coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion:
1. radial tuberosity
action:
1. elbow flexion
2. forearm supination (assists)
3. arm flexion (long head)
Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6
Brachialis
origin:
1. Anterior humerus (deep to biceps)
Insertion:
1. ulnar tuberosity (just inferior to coronoid process)
Action:
1. elbow flexion
Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6
Triceps brachii
Origin:
1. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
2. lateral head: poster humerus superior to radial glove
3. medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
Insertion:
1. olecranon process of ulna
Action:
1. Elbow extension (all three heads)
2. arm extension (long head)
3. arm adduction (long head)
Innervation:
1.radial nerve C6-C8
Brachioradialis
Origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion:
1. lateral/distal side of the radius
Action:
1. flexes the elbow, when forearm is in mid-pronation
Innervation:
1. Radial nerve C5,C6
Anconeus
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. olecranon process
2. posterior proximal ulna
Action:
1. abducts ulna during pronation (allows for pronation)
2. assists with elbow extension
innervation
1. radial nerve C6-C8
Extensor Carpi radialis longus
origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
1. base of 2nd metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. radial deviation (abducts the wrist)
Innervation:
1. radial C6,C7
Common extensor tendon
this is a common origin around the lateral epicondyle
origin for:
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
1. base of 3rd metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. abducts wrist (radial deviation)
Innervation: radial (deep branch C7,C8)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
origin
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus/common extensor tendon
Insertion:
1. base of 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. extends wrist
2. adducts wrist
Innervation:
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8
Extensor digitorum
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
1. bases of middle and distal phalanges of finger 2-5 via extensor hoods
Action:
1. extends fingers 2-5
Inneravtion:
1. Posterior interosseous C7,C8
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. extensor expansion of finger 5
Action:
1. extends finger 5
Innervation
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8
supinator
Origin:
1. superficial head: lateral epicondyle of humerus/anular ligament
2. deep head: supinator crest (posterolateral ulna)
Insertion:
1. proximal radius
Action
1. supinates forearm
Innervation
1. radial (deep branch)
C6,C7
Extensor indicis
Origin:
1. posterior ulna
Insertion
1. extensor hood of index finger
Action
1. exntends 2nd finger
Innervation
1. psterior interosseous C7,C8
Abductor pollicis longus
origin:
1. posterior radius
2. mid-portion of posterolateral ulna
Insertion
1. base of metacarpal 1
actions:
1. abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
2. helps with thumb extension
Innervation:
1 posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin:
1. posterior radius
Insertion:
1. base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Action:
1. extends the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint
2. assists with 1st CMC extension
innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin:
1. Posterior ulna
Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Action:
1. extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint (IP)
2. assists with extension of CMC and MCP
innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8
Pronator teres
Origin:
1. Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus, medial supracondrylar ridge
2. ulnar head: medial side coronoid process of ulna
Insertion:
1. lateral side shaft of the radius
Action:
1. pronates the forearm
innervation: median nerve C6,C7
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. base of the second and third metacarpals
Action:
1. flexes the wrist,
2. abducts the hand (radial deviation)
innervation:
1. median nerve C6,C7
Palmaris longus
Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
1. palmar aponeurosis (thick layer of deep fasic to keep skin on palm)
Action:
1. flexes the wrist (weak)
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin:
1. humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
2. ulanr head: olecranon process and posterior border of ulna
Insertion:
1. pisiform
2. hamate
3. base of 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. flexes wrist,
2. adducts hand
innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C7,C8,T1
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin:
1. humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
2. radial head: oblique line of radius
Insertion:
1. four tendons that bifurcate to attach to palmar surfaces of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
Action:
1. flexes the PIP joints of fingers 2-5
innervation:
1. median nerve C8-T1
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin:
1. anterior/medial ulna
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. 4 tendons attach to palmar surface of distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 (pass through the split)
Action:
1. flexes the DIP joint of finger 2-5
innervation:
1. median nerve (radial one-half);
2. ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
C8,T1
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin:
1. anterior surface of radius
2. interosseous membrane
Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (palmar side)
Action:
1. flexes the interphalangeal joints of the thumb
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Pronator Quadratus
Origin:
1. distal anterior surface the ulna
Insertion:
1. distal anterior surface of the radius
Action:
1. pronates the forearm
innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8
Dorsal interossei (hand)
Origin:
1: 1st metacarpal (medially) and 2nd metacarpal laterally
2: 2nd metacarpal (medially) and 3rd metacarpal laterally
3: 3rd metacarpal laterally and 4th metacarpal medially
4: 4th metacarpal laterally and 5th metacarpal medially
Insertion:
-proximal phalanges of 2-4 (2nd=lateral, 3=medial and lateral, 4-medial)
Action:
1. MCP abduction of fingers 2,3,4 (dab)
Innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C8,T1
Palmar interossei
Origin:
1. Medial 1st metacarpal
2. Medial 2nd metacarpal
3. Lateral 4th metacarpal
4. lateral 5th metacarpal
Insertion:
1. Medial 1st proximal phalanx
2. medial 2nd proximal phalanx
3. Lateral 4th proximal phalanx
4. Lateral 5th proximal phalanx
action:
1. adduct fingers 1,2,4,5
Innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C8,T1
Opponens pollicis
origin:
1. tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. 1st metacarpal
Action:
1. medially rotates thumb
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
abductor pollicis brevis
origin:
1. tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx, extensor hood of thumb
Action:
1. abduct the thumb MCP joint
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
Flexor pollicis brevis
origin:
1. tubercule of trapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
proximal phalanx of thumb
Action:
1. flexes thumb MCP joint
Innervation:
1. recurrent branch median nerve C8,T1
Abductor digit minimi
Origin:
1. pisiform, pisohamate ligament, tendon of FCU
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx of little finger
Action:
1. abducts 5th finger MCP joint
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
Origin:
1. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. proximal phalanx of little finger
Action:
1. flexes 5th finger MCP joint
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
opponens digiti minimi
Origin:
1. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
1. 5th metacarpal
Action:
1. laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
innervation:
1. deep branch ulnar nerve C8,T1
Lumbrical muscles
origin:
1. tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion:
1. extensor hood
Action:
1. flex MCP joints
2. extend IP joint lumbrical position
Innervation:
1. 1st and 2nd (laterally) = median nerve
2. 3rd and 4th (medially) =deep branch ulnar
adductor pollicis
origin:
1. transverse head: 3rd metacarpal
2. oblique head: capitate and bases of 2nd and 3d metacarpals
Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of thumb
action:
1. adducts the thumb
Innervation:
1. ulnar never (deep branch) C8,T1
Serratus posterior superior
Origin:
1. C7-T3 SP
Insertion:
1. Ribs 2-5 (Run out laterally)
Action:
1. elevates the ribs
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of the thoracic nerves
Serratus Posterior inferior
Origin:
1. T11-L3 SP
Insertion:
1. Ribs 9-12
Action:
1. depress the ribs
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of thoracic nerves
Splenius Capitis
Origin:
1. spinous processes of C7-T4
Insertion:
1. mastoid process
2. lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
Action:
1. bilateral: extend neck
2. Unilateral: ipsilateral neck rotation
Innervation:
1. dorsal rami of cervical nerves
Splenius cervicis
Origin:
1. Spinous processes of T3-T-6
Insertion:
1. Transverse processes of C1-C3
Action:
1. Bilateral: Extend neck
2. Unilateral: Ipsilateral neck rotation
Innervation: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
