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Year 2 CR > venous thromboembolism and haemostasis > Flashcards

venous thromboembolism and haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

mode of inheritance haemophilia

A

X linked

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2
Q

who gets haemophilia

A

sons and daughters can have mild

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3
Q

which factor haemophilia a

A

viii

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4
Q

which factor haemophilia b

A

ix

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5
Q

what percentage haemophilia is de novo mutation

A

30%

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6
Q

which factor modulates the clotting cascade

A

thrombin

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7
Q

what turns fibrinogen to fibrin

A

thrombin

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8
Q

what is big lumpy bruises

A

ecchymoses

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9
Q

signs of h’philia

A

joint bleeds
ecchymosis
pain at joints
prolonged bleeing

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10
Q

treatment of h’philia

A

prophyllaxis and on demand

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11
Q

what is tranexamic acid

A

anti fibrinolytic

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12
Q

newest treatment for h’philia

A

gene therapy - virus administered - lasts 5 years

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13
Q

VW disease mode of inheritance which chromosome

A

autosomal chromosome 12

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14
Q

what does VW factor do (2)

A

platelet adherance and factor 8 chaperone

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15
Q

VW types modes of inherei

A

dominant 1,2
recessive 3

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16
Q

VW disease signs

A

nosebleeds
heavy periods

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17
Q

what is vte

A

venous thromboembolism

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18
Q

what is recombinant therapy

A

introduced in for example a virus

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19
Q

what do venous thrombi look like

A

red cells in fibrin mesh

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20
Q

what do arterial thrombi look like

A

white colour - platelets and fibrin

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21
Q

where is distal dvt

A

beyond popliteal

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22
Q

what causes dvt normally

A

lack of calf muscle exercise

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23
Q

dvt causes

A

pe

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24
Q

legs to?

A

lungs

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25
Q

where dvt is risk of pe hi

A

deep veins

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26
Q

which site are dvt most common

A

femoral, popliteal,

27
Q

which factor mediates thrombin formation

A

Xa

28
Q

clot buster proper name

A

thrombolytic

29
Q

PE at lung bifurcation

A

saddle embolism

30
Q

how many ppl in hospital died suddenly of PE

A

80%

31
Q

risk for vte

A

inflammatino
immobilisation
obesity

32
Q

what is Virchow’s triad

A

reduced/stagnant bloodflow
vessel wall pathology
hypercoagulability

33
Q

dvt presentation

A

pain
erythema
oedema
warmth
tenderness

34
Q

what do you use to diagnose likelihood of DVT

A

Wells Score

35
Q

what anticoagulants does smooth endothelium release

A

Thrombomodulin
Tfp1
Heparin-like proteoglycan

36
Q

what is d-dimer

A

degradation product of fibrin

37
Q

if d-dimer is postitve, what does that mean

A

breakdown of fibrin has occureed. not necessarily vte - can be cancer/pregnancy

38
Q

pe symptoms

A

dyspnoea
cough up blood haemoptysis
temp

39
Q

pe signs

A

tachypnoea
tachycardia

40
Q

cxr in pe is normally

A

normal

41
Q

what do you use to image legs in dvt suspicion

A

ultrasound

42
Q

what is the standard imaging for pe investigation

A

CTPA

43
Q

treatment of PE

A

oxygen
then sub cut low molecular weight heparin

44
Q

what does heparin do

A

activates antithrombin which inactivates Xa
thrombin and fibrin are inactivated

45
Q

what is heparin not

A

thrombolytic

46
Q

too much heparin where can you bleed which is very dangerous (2)

A

brain bleeds
retroperitoneal bleeds

47
Q

risk of heparin rare

A

heparin induced thrombocytopenia

48
Q

high risk pt treatment of pe

A
49
Q

what is DOAC

A

eg rivaroXAban
oral factor Xa inhibitor
Direct-acting Oral AntiCoagulants

50
Q

what is DOAC used for

A

AF
DVT
PE management

51
Q

who can’t take rivaroxaban

A

end stage kidey
liver disease

52
Q

what pe treatment in preg/lactation

A

LMWH

53
Q

what vte treatment in cancer

A

DOAC fine

54
Q

what is abelacimab

A

factor 11 and 11a binder. Anti coag both in-pt and prophylactic in at risk at home pt

55
Q

what is IVC filter for

A

surgical intervention
high risk pt
large oesophageal bleed, haemorrhagic CVA, retroperitonealbleed, major brain surgery post-op

56
Q

what does pe lead to

A

right sided heart strain

57
Q

most common thrombolytic

A

tpa
tissue plasminogen activator

58
Q

what is dabigatran

A

direct thrombin inhibitor
Prevent strokes in pt with AF
Also to treat dvt and pe. Newer warfarin equivalent

59
Q

who takes rivaroxaban prophylactically

A

knee/hip replacment pts

60
Q

how many types of VWD

A

3

61
Q

what is type 1 vwd

A

quantitative
reduction in vw antigen and therefore factor 8

62
Q

what is type 2 vwd

A

qualitative
vw antigen doesn’t work
low ricof

63
Q

what is type 3 vwd

A

quantitavtive
absence of vw antigen and fatcor 8
very low ricof

64
Q
A

Year 2 CR (33 decks)

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