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Year 2 CR > histology > Flashcards

histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 layers of blood:air barrier

A

capillary endothelium (continuous, no fenestrations)
fused basal lamina
alveolar epithelium (type I pneumocyte)
surfactant

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2
Q

asthma histopatholgy

A

hypertrophy of smooth muscle
loads of eosinophils and other immune cells
mucus in lumen
hyperplasia of goblet cells
thicker basement membrane

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3
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity immunology

A

TH2 and IgE

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4
Q

what is atopic asthma

A

immune mediated response triggered by type 1 hypersensitivity

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5
Q

what attracts the eosinophils in asthma (2)

A

Il5 eotaxin

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6
Q

histology difference between asthma and bronchitis

A

bronchitis no eosinophils

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7
Q

who has bronchitis

A

smokers

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8
Q

obstructive=

A

mucus!!! asthma/bronchitis

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9
Q

what is this

A

bronchitis - no eosinophils
mucus
hyperplasia of goblet cells

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10
Q

langerhans type giant cells - where to you find them

A

nuclei arranged around the edges
tb granulomas

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11
Q

histology of tb

A

granulomas

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12
Q

pneumonia bacteria

A

pneumococcus

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13
Q

what type of cell are giant cells

A

secretory - caseating necrotic bit inside. disgusting

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14
Q

classificationi of pneumonia

A

bronchial or lobar

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15
Q

95% of lung tumours are

A

carcinoma

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16
Q
A

pneumonia

alveolar outlines are visible (thin pink strands) which are filled with aggregates of neutrophils – almost like an abscess.

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17
Q

bidivision of lung cancers

A

small cell carcinoma
non-small cell

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18
Q

where is squamous cell crcinoma

A

hilum

19
Q

what stain

A

pap

20
Q

why are these cells orange and what is wrong with them

A

pap stains keratin orange
high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
squam cell carcinoma

21
Q

TUMOUR GRADE

A

Well differentiated or low grade
Moderately differentiated (in-between)
Poorly differentiated (does not resemble any cell type)

22
Q

TUMOUR STAGE

A

If localised to organ of origin (low stage)
If metastasized to lymph node, bone etc.( higher stage)
Usually staged as
T (tumour size)
N (Nodal involvement and
M (Metastasis)

23
Q
A

Cells show cytological atypia, intercellular bridges (yellow oval), abnormal keratinization (yellow circle)

24
Q

who has adenocarcinoma of lung

A

non-smokers

25
Q

where is adenocarcinoma of lung

A

more peripheral

26
Q
A

adenocarcinoma

Irregular, closely packed glands efface normal lung microscopic appearance with atypical cell lining the glands and desmoplastic (fibrotic) stroma around them

27
Q
A

very basophilic, oat-like appearance small cell carcinoma
high mitosis

28
Q

what is paraneoplastic syndrome

A

tumour has para-hormonal properties eg ACTH production. secretory vesicles inside

29
Q

macrophages become … when they make granulomas

A

epithelial histiocytes (secretory)

30
Q

what hormonal syndrome is related with small cell carcinoma

A

Cushings - ACTH production

31
Q

is keratin normal in the lungs

A

no

32
Q

where/what are Clara cells

A

bronchioli, secretory cells because no goblet celss from here on down

33
Q

goblet cells in bronchioles?

A

pathological

34
Q
A

fibrous granularity on visceral pericardium - pericardidtis

35
Q
A

vegetations on the valve made of blood clots - endocarditis

36
Q
A

myocarditis. groups of cells where muscle tissue should be. fibrosis
Aschoff bodies - macrophages and lymphocytes

also pancarditis as infl in all 3 layers can be seen

37
Q

what sort of cartilage is C

A

hyaline

38
Q

why does hyaline cartilage stain blue

A

negatively charged moleules such as GAGs like aggrecan

39
Q
A

bronchus - cartilage plates

40
Q

what stain for musuc

A

PAS

41
Q
A

bronchile

42
Q

what is the black arrow

A

basement membrane thickening

43
Q

what diagnosis
what cells

A

lobar pneumonia
neutrophils

44
Q
A

Year 2 CR (33 decks)

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