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Year 2 CR > Common ECG Abnormalities > Flashcards

Common ECG Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

what time is 5 small squares

A

0.2s

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2
Q

what amplitude is 5 small squares

A

0.5mV

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3
Q

what is normal QTc

A

350-450ms

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4
Q

whatis Bazzett formula

A

QT/√RR

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5
Q

what makes sinus rhythm (4)

A

regular P-P interval
1:1 P:QRS interval
QT<120ms
PR<160ms

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6
Q

what are segments

A

lines between waves

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7
Q

what are intervals

A

wave to wave
except PR interval which is start of P to start of Q

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8
Q

dodgy sinus arrhythmia

A

older people, not cyclic with breath
heart disease
digoxin toxicity

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9
Q

sinus tachycardia causes

A

drugs
stress
anaemia
HF
fever/pain/sepsis
hyperthyroid
hypovolemia
hypotension

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10
Q

Why might you not see a p wave in sinus tachycarida

A

yes but can be hidden in next T wave

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11
Q

causes of sinus bradycardia

A

opiates
digoxin
sinus sick syndrome =SAN damage
lithium/organophosphate poisonoing

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12
Q

AF on ECG

A

no p waves
irregular rhythm and shape
normal QRS
absent T waves
tachycardia

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13
Q

A flutter

A

sawtooth f waves
bpm around 100

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14
Q

AVNRT?

A

AV node reentrant tachycardia

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15
Q

2 Key feature of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

A

delta wave. wide QRS

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16
Q

what is WPW syndrome?

A

bundles of Kent bypass AVN so ventricles depolarise prematurely

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17
Q

what can WFW cause

A

AF or AVNRT

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18
Q

VT features

A

> 120bpm
3 wide QRS complexes in a row

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19
Q

VF

A

> 180
No P, QRS or T

20
Q

what is the cause of heart block and what is it?

A

sclerosis or fibrosis
elec signal is delayed or doesn’t get to ventricles

21
Q

1st degree heart block

A

bradycardia
1:1 ratio P:QRS interval
Prolonged PR >200ms

22
Q

Wenkebach

A

PR interval gradually increases til a QRS is missed
increased vagal tone
but can be beta blockers
hyper K+
calcium blockers
digoxin
Lyme disease
Fingolimod

23
Q

what is wenkebach also

A

mobitz type one, 2nd degree heart block

24
Q

mobitz type 2

A

some absent qrs complexes
not gradual PR prologation
dangerous
consistent PP interval

25
Q

RBBB

A

Marrow
M on V1
W on V6
QRS>120ms

26
Q

LBBB

A

William
W on V1
M on V6
QRS >120ms

27
Q

what leads show what bit

A

Septal V1, V2
Anterior V3, V4
Inferior, II, III, AVF
Lateral, V5, V6, I, AVL

28
Q

when ST eleveation or depression

A

full thickness STEMI - elevation
partial thickness NSTEMI, depression

29
Q

ST elevation in comparison to what

A

TP segment

30
Q

posterior MI which leads depression ST segment

A

V1, V2

31
Q

why would T waves be inverted in adult if not MI (2)

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage (neurological T waves)
PE -> right heart strain

32
Q

T wave inversion V2-V5

A

MI

33
Q

Big U waves?

A

always pathological

34
Q

In which leads are Q waves normally absent

A

V1-V3

35
Q

morphology of pathological Q waves

A

deep
>40ms or >25% depth of QRS

36
Q

Q waves on V1-V3

A

could be acute MI if also ST elevation etc
or could be previous or developing MI

37
Q

normal axis range

A

-30 to 90 degrees

38
Q

where is 0 degreees on ECG

A

pointing to the right as you look at it

39
Q

what is say -60 called

A

Left axis deviation

40
Q

what is say +110 called

A

right axis deviation

41
Q

where is extreme axis deviation

A

-90 - -180 degrees

42
Q

what is baseline

A

t-p segment

43
Q

what leads to calculate axis

A

lead 1 and AVF then lead 2

44
Q

signs of PE on ecg

A

SQT
deep S wave in lead 1
deep Q wave in lead 3
inverted T wave in lead 3

45
Q

Hypokalemia sign no ECG

A

massive U wave

46
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

Big, sharp pointed T waves

47
Q

sign of junctional rhythm

A

inverted P waves on lead 2
bradycardia
P waves can be hidden in QRS or after QRS

Year 2 CR (33 decks)

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