passmed extras Flashcards
which bacteria rheumatic fever
strep pyogenes
what is the significance of strep bovis in endocarditis
should screen for colorectal cancer
what sort of heart prob does staph aureus cause
acute bac endocarditis
what bac often causes sub-acute endocarditis
strep viridans
how to exaggerate HOCM murmur presentation
Valsalva manoeuvre
which part of the heart has fastest conduction velocity
purkinje fibres
short acting muscarinic antagonists
ipratroprium bromide
peak flow in A&E?
yes
always do … before CT
CXR
what does CURB65 actually stand for
Confusion
Urea >7
Resp - tachypnoeic
Blood - >90 and/or >60
over 65
which diuretic hypokalemia
frusemide - loop diuretic
which diuretics are potassium spraing
any not loop eg spironolactone
where thiazide (like) diuretics
proximal distal convl tubuled
A patient with a history of peripheral vascular disease presents to his GP with essential hypertension. Which of the following drugs may exacerbate his peripheral vascular symptoms?
beta bloclkers
thiazide diurectics may cause
gout
what is S4
S4 is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff ventricle
what ion is affected by ntrates (GTN) and how
decreased intracellular Ca2+
what do b blockers do in the kidney
suppression of renin release
torsade de pointes, prolonged QT interval - which ion
hypocalcemia
internal and external laryngeal nerves - which is motor and whicj is sensory
internal is sensory and external is motor
what causes ductus arteriosus to close
prostaglandin clearance due to increased pulmonary pressure and increased bloodflow
what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero
circulating proastaglandins
side effect of thiazide diuretic
hypokalemia
warfarin in preg
NO teratogen
what do pulmonary arteries do in response to hypoxia
constrict
what level coeliac trunk
T12
what is inotropy
contractility of the heart
which abx can cause torsade de pointes
macrolides
long QT interval is associated with
torsade de pointes
Atropine is an…
anti-muscarinic
global ST elevation
pericarditis
chest pain reliveed by leaning forwards
pericarditis
angina first line tx
aspirin and a statin
…pril is
ACEi
…pine is
CCB
otitis media common bacteria
H influenzae
how do sulfonylureas work? give an example
bind to beta cells causing membrane depolarisation and increasing insulin exocytosis. Close KATP channels
tolbutamide, glibenclamide
where does frusemide act
Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
sitagliptin mech of action
inhibit the peripheral breakdown of incretins, enhancing their ability to stimulate insulin release
octreotide mech of action
somatostatin analogue
