passmed extras Flashcards

1
Q

which bacteria rheumatic fever

A

strep pyogenes

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2
Q

what is the significance of strep bovis in endocarditis

A

should screen for colorectal cancer

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3
Q

what sort of heart prob does staph aureus cause

A

acute bac endocarditis

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4
Q

what bac often causes sub-acute endocarditis

A

strep viridans

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5
Q

how to exaggerate HOCM murmur presentation

A

Valsalva manoeuvre

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6
Q

which part of the heart has fastest conduction velocity

A

purkinje fibres

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7
Q

short acting muscarinic antagonists

A

ipratroprium bromide

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8
Q

peak flow in A&E?

A

yes

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9
Q

always do … before CT

A

CXR

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10
Q

what does CURB65 actually stand for

A

Confusion
Urea >7
Resp - tachypnoeic
Blood - >90 and/or >60
over 65

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11
Q

which diuretic hypokalemia

A

frusemide - loop diuretic

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12
Q

which diuretics are potassium spraing

A

any not loop eg spironolactone

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13
Q

where thiazide (like) diuretics

A

proximal distal convl tubuled

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14
Q

A patient with a history of peripheral vascular disease presents to his GP with essential hypertension. Which of the following drugs may exacerbate his peripheral vascular symptoms?

A

beta bloclkers

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15
Q

thiazide diurectics may cause

A

gout

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16
Q

what is S4

A

S4 is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff ventricle

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17
Q

what ion is affected by ntrates (GTN) and how

A

decreased intracellular Ca2+

18
Q

what do b blockers do in the kidney

A

suppression of renin release

19
Q

torsade de pointes, prolonged QT interval - which ion

A

hypocalcemia

20
Q

internal and external laryngeal nerves - which is motor and whicj is sensory

A

internal is sensory and external is motor

21
Q

what causes ductus arteriosus to close

A

prostaglandin clearance due to increased pulmonary pressure and increased bloodflow

22
Q

what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero

A

circulating proastaglandins

23
Q

side effect of thiazide diuretic

A

hypokalemia

24
Q

warfarin in preg

A

NO teratogen

25
what do pulmonary arteries do in response to hypoxia
constrict
26
what level coeliac trunk
T12
27
what is inotropy
contractility of the heart
28
which abx can cause torsade de pointes
macrolides
29
long QT interval is associated with
torsade de pointes
30
Atropine is an...
anti-muscarinic
31
global ST elevation
pericarditis
32
chest pain reliveed by leaning forwards
pericarditis
33
angina first line tx
aspirin and a statin
34
...pril is
ACEi
35
...pine is
CCB
36
otitis media common bacteria
H influenzae
37
how do sulfonylureas work? give an example
bind to beta cells causing membrane depolarisation and increasing insulin exocytosis. Close KATP channels tolbutamide, glibenclamide
38
where does frusemide act
Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
39
sitagliptin mech of action
inhibit the peripheral breakdown of incretins, enhancing their ability to stimulate insulin release
40
octreotide mech of action
somatostatin analogue
41