passmed extras

Question 1

which bacteria rheumatic fever

Answer 1

strep pyogenes

Question 2

what is the significance of strep bovis in endocarditis

Answer 2

should screen for colorectal cancer

Question 3

what sort of heart prob does staph aureus cause

Answer 3

acute bac endocarditis

Question 4

what bac often causes sub-acute endocarditis

Answer 4

strep viridans

Question 5

how to exaggerate HOCM murmur presentation

Answer 5

Valsalva manoeuvre

Question 6

which part of the heart has fastest conduction velocity

Answer 6

purkinje fibres

Question 7

short acting muscarinic antagonists

Answer 7

ipratroprium bromide

Question 8

peak flow in A&E?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

always do … before CT

Answer 9

CXR

Question 10

what does CURB65 actually stand for

Answer 10

Confusion
Urea >7
Resp - tachypnoeic
Blood - >90 and/or >60
over 65

Question 11

which diuretic hypokalemia

Answer 11

frusemide - loop diuretic

Question 12

which diuretics are potassium spraing

Answer 12

any not loop eg spironolactone

Question 13

where thiazide (like) diuretics

Answer 13

proximal distal convl tubuled

Question 14

A patient with a history of peripheral vascular disease presents to his GP with essential hypertension. Which of the following drugs may exacerbate his peripheral vascular symptoms?

Answer 14

beta bloclkers

Question 15

thiazide diurectics may cause

Answer 15

gout

Question 16

what is S4

Answer 16

S4 is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff ventricle

Question 17

what ion is affected by ntrates (GTN) and how

Answer 17

decreased intracellular Ca2+

Question 18

what do b blockers do in the kidney

Answer 18

suppression of renin release

Question 19

torsade de pointes, prolonged QT interval - which ion

Answer 19

hypocalcemia

Question 20

internal and external laryngeal nerves - which is motor and whicj is sensory

Answer 20

internal is sensory and external is motor

Question 21

what causes ductus arteriosus to close

Answer 21

prostaglandin clearance due to increased pulmonary pressure and increased bloodflow

Question 22

what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero

Answer 22

circulating proastaglandins

Question 23

side effect of thiazide diuretic

Answer 23

hypokalemia

Question 24

warfarin in preg

Answer 24

NO teratogen

Question 25

what do pulmonary arteries do in response to hypoxia

Answer 25

constrict

Question 26

what level coeliac trunk

Answer 26

T12

Question 27

what is inotropy

Answer 27

contractility of the heart

Question 28

which abx can cause torsade de pointes

Answer 28

macrolides

Question 29

long QT interval is associated with

Answer 29

torsade de pointes

Question 30

Atropine is an…

Answer 30

anti-muscarinic

Question 31

global ST elevation

Answer 31

pericarditis

Question 32

chest pain reliveed by leaning forwards

Answer 32

pericarditis

Question 33

angina first line tx

Answer 33

aspirin and a statin

Question 34

…pril is

Answer 34

ACEi

Question 35

…pine is

Answer 35

CCB

Question 36

otitis media common bacteria

Answer 36

H influenzae

Question 37

how do sulfonylureas work? give an example

Answer 37

bind to beta cells causing membrane depolarisation and increasing insulin exocytosis. Close KATP channels
tolbutamide, glibenclamide

Question 38

where does frusemide act

Answer 38

Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 39

sitagliptin mech of action

Answer 39

inhibit the peripheral breakdown of incretins, enhancing their ability to stimulate insulin release

Question 40

octreotide mech of action

Answer 40

somatostatin analogue