LRTI

Question 1

most bronchitis

Answer 1

self-limiting in 2 wks

Question 2

what is acute bronchitis

Answer 2

chest infectoin

Question 3

cxr pneumonia vs bronchitis

Answer 3

consolidation vs clear

Question 4

hosp v community req pneumonia

Answer 4

hosp >48 post admission

Question 5

how pneumonia -> sepsis

Answer 5

alveolar injury
air:blood barrier too permeable

Question 6

how to ascertain severity of pneumonia

Answer 6

CRB65
C: confusion
R: resp rate >30
B: SBP<90 or DBP<60
>65yo

0 points, home abx
1-2 consider hosp referral
3-4 emergency hosp referral

Question 7

pneumonia particularly dangerous for

Answer 7

elderly and very young

Question 8

if penecillin allergic pneumonia

Answer 8

macrolide - clarithromycin

Question 9

treatment if CRB65 3 or more

Answer 9

benzylpenicillin IV

Question 10

treatment is CRB65 1-2

Answer 10

dual therapy - amoxicillin plus macrolide

Question 11

bad blood urea in pneumonia

Answer 11

> 7mmol/l

Question 12

what is surgical emphysema

Answer 12

gas under skin from some sort of trauma. can be stabbing or surgery
crakling sound at site of swelling

Question 13

What is CURB65

Answer 13

same as CRB65 but in hosp so adding blood urea

Question 14

what is Hoover’s sign lungs

Answer 14

paradoxical inward mvt of lower ribs on inspiration when COPD

Question 15

where is boundary between LRT and URT

Answer 15

bottom of larynx

Question 16

what recognise eg rhinovirus

Answer 16

toll-like receptors and RIG - retinoic acid something gene like receptors

Question 17

what is epitope

Answer 17

part of antigen displayed by eg dendritic cells

Question 18

how are viruses good at avoiding immune response

Answer 18

change G protein on surface
Or release soluble fake G proteins as a decoy

Question 19

WHich receptor to HRV much more expressed in asthma/COPD pts

Answer 19

ICAM 1

Question 20

URTI impact on COPD

Answer 20

very bad - decline in lung ftn
hospital death