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Pharma > Vasodilators & The Treatment Of Angia Pectoris > Flashcards

Vasodilators & The Treatment Of Angia Pectoris Flashcards

0
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Nitrate: active metabolite of the dinitrate; used orally for prophylaxis

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1
Q

Nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate

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2
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Nitrate: very similar to nitroglycerin, slightly longer duration of action

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrate

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action

A

Releases nitric oxide in smooth muscle, whitch activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP

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5
Q

Releases nitric oxide in smooth muscle, whitch activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP

A

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin

Effects

A

Smooth muscle relaxation especially in vessels
Other smooth muscle is relaxed but not as markedly
Vasodilation decreases venous return and heart size
May increase flow in some areas and in variant angina

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7
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation especially in vessels
Other smooth muscle is relaxed but not as markedly
Vasodilation decreases venous return and heart size
May increase flow in some areas and in variant angina

A

Nitroglycerin

Effects

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8
Q

Nitroglycerin

Clinical applications

A

Angina: sublingual form for acute episodes
Oral and transdermal forms for prophylaxis
IV form for acute coronary syndrome

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9
Q

Angina: sublingual form for acute episodes
Oral and transdermal forms for prophylaxis
IV form for acute coronary syndrome

A

Nitroglycerin

Clinical applications

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10
Q

Nitroglycerin

Toxicity

A

Orthostatic hypotension, tachcardia, headache

INTERACTIONS: synergistic hypotension with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, etc)

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11
Q

Orthostatic hypotension, tachcardia, headache

INTERACTIONS: synergistic hypotension with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, etc)

A

Nitroglycerin

Toxicity

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12
Q

Nitrate: very similar to nitroglycerin, slightly longer duration of action

A

Isosorbide dinitrate

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13
Q

Nitrate: active metabolite of the dinitrate; used orally for prophylaxis

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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14
Q

Beta blockers

A

Propranolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

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15
Q

Atenolol

Metoprolol

A

Beta blocker, Beta1-selective blocker, less risk of bronchospam, but still significant

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16
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta blocker

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17
Q

Propranolol

Mechanism of action

A

Nonselective competitive antagonist at Beta adrenoceptors

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18
Q

Nonselective competitive antagonist at Beta adrenoceptors

A

Propranolol

Mechanism of action

19
Q

Propranolol

Effects

A

Decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand

20
Q

Decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand

A

Propranolol

Effects

21
Q

Propranolol

Clinical applications (in angina)

A

Prophylaxis of angina

22
Q

Prophylaxis of angina

A

Propranolol

Clinical applications (in angina)

23
Q

Propranolol

Toxicity

A 
Asthma
Atrioventricular block
Acute heart failure
Sedation
INTERACTION: additive with all cardiac depressants
24
Q 
Asthma
Atrioventricular block
Acute heart failure
Sedation
INTERACTION: additive with all cardiac depressants
A

Propranolol

Toxicity

25
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine (dihydropyridine)

26
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker

27
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blocker

28
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

29
Q

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Mechanism of action

A

Nonselective block of L-type calcium channels in vessels and heart

30
Q

Nonselective block of L-type calcium channels in vessels and heart

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Mechanism of action

31
Q

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Effects

A

Reduced vascular resistance, cardiac rate, and cardiac force recult in decreased oxygen demand

32
Q

Reduced vascular resistance, cardiac rate, and cardiac force recult in decreased oxygen demand

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Effects

33
Q

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Clinical applications

A

Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension, others

34
Q

Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension, others

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine

Clinical applications

35
Q

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Toxicity

A 
Atrioventricular block
Acute heart failure
Constipation
Edema
INTERACTIONS: additive with other cardiac depressant and hypotensive drugs
36
Q 
Atrioventricular block
Acute heart failure
Constipation
Edema
INTERACTIONS: additive with other cardiac depressant and hypotensive drugs
A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

Toxicity

37
Q

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Mechanism of actions

A

Block of vascular L-type calcium channels > cardiac channels

38
Q

Block of vascular L-type calcium channels > cardiac channels

A

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Mechanism of actions

39
Q

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Effects

A

Like Verapamil and Diltiazem; less cardiac effect

40
Q

Like Verapamil and Diltiazem; less cardiac effect

A

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Effects

41
Q

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Clinical applications

A

Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension

42
Q

Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension

A

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Clinical applications

43
Q

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Toxicity

A

Excessive hypotension
Baroreceptor reflex tachycardia

INTERACTIONS: additive with other vasodilators

44
Q

Excessive hypotension
Baroreceptor reflex tachycardia

INTERACTIONS: additive with other vasodilators

A

Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine)

Toxicity

45
Q

Like nifedipine but slower onset and longer duration (up to 12 h or longer)

A

Other dihydropyridines

46
Q

Other dihydropyridines

A

Like nifedipine but slower onset and longer duration (up to 12 h or longer)

Pharma (29 decks)

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