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Diuretics Flashcards

0
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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1
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
Dorszolamide

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2
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Topical for glaucoma

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3
Q

Dorszolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Topical for glaucoma

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4
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

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5
Q

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Mechanism of action

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6
Q

Acetazolamide

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

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7
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Effects

A
  • Reduces reabsorbtion of HCO3- , causing self-limited diuresis
  • hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis reduces body ph, reduces intraocular pressure
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8
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Clinical applications

A

Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis

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9
Q

Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Clinical applications

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10
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

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11
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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12
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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13
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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14
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop diuretic (not sulfonamide)

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15
Q

Furosemide

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

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16
Q

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

A

Furosemide

Mechanism of action

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17
Q

Loop diuretics

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

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18
Q

Loop diuretics

Effects

A
  • Marked increase in NaCl excretion
  • Some K wasting
  • Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  • Increased urine Ca and Mg
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19
Q
  • Marked increase in NaCl excretion
  • Some K wasting
  • Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  • Increased urine Ca and Mg
A

Loop diuretics

Effects

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20
Q

Loop diuretics

Clinical applications

A

-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.

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21
Q

-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.

A

Loop diuretics

Clinical applications

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22
Q

Loop diuretics

Toxicity

A 
Ototoxicity
Hypovolemia 
K wasting
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia
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23
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A 
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethazide
Methyclothiazide
Indapamide
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24
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

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25
Q

Chlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

26
Q

Hydroflumethazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

27
Q

Methyclothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

28
Q

Indapamide

A

Thiazide diuretic

29
Q

Thiazide diuretic

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

A

Thiazide diuretic

Mechanism of action

31
Q

Thiazide diuretic

Effects

A

Modest increase in NaCl excretion
Some K wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Decreased urine Ca

32
Q

Modest increase in NaCl excretion
Some K wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Decreased urine Ca

A

Thiazide diuretic

Effects

33
Q

Thiazide diuretic

Clinical applications

A

Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

34
Q

Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

Thiazide diuretic

Clinical applications

35
Q

Thiazide diuretic

Toxicities

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia

36
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia

A

Thiazide diuretic

Toxicities

37
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

38
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

39
Q

Eplerenone

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

40
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

41
Q

Triamterene

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

42
Q

Spironolactone

Mechanism of action

A

Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules

Weak antagonism of androgen receptor

43
Q

Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules

Weak antagonism of androgen receptor

A

Spironolactone

Mechanism of action

44
Q

Eplerenone

Mechanism of action

A

Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules

Weak antagonism of androgen receptor

Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor

45
Q

Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules

Weak antagonism of androgen receptor

Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor

A

Eplerenone

Mechanism of action

46
Q

Spironolactone

Effect

A

Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney

Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels

47
Q

Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney

Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels

A

Spironolactone

Effect

48
Q

Spironolactone
Eplereone

Clinical application

A

Aldosteronism from any cause
Hypokalemia due to other diuretics
Postmyocardial infarction

49
Q

Aldosteronism from any cause
Hypokalemia due to other diuretics
Postmyocardial infarction

A

Spironolactone
Eplereone

Clinical application

50
Q

Spironolactone

Toxicity, interactions

A

Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs

51
Q

Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs

A

Spironolactone

Toxicity, interactions

52
Q

Eplerenone

Toxicity, interactions

A

Hyperkalemia

Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs

53
Q

Hyperkalemia

Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs

A

Eplerenone

Toxicity, interactions

54
Q

Amiloride

Mechanism of action

A

Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules

55
Q

Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules

A

Amiloride

Mechanism of action

56
Q

Amiloride

Effects

A

Reduces Na retention and K wasting

Increases lithium clearance

57
Q

Reduces Na retention and K wasting

Increases lithium clearance

A

Amiloride

Effects

58
Q

Amiloride

Clinical applications

A

Hypokalemia from other diuretics

Reduces lithium induced polyuria

59
Q

Hypokalemia from other diuretics

Reduces lithium induced polyuria

A

Amiloride

Clinical applications

60
Q

Amiloride

Toxicity

A

Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis

61
Q

Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis

A

Amiloride

Toxicity

62
Q

Triamterene

A

Mechanism like Amiloride, much less potent, more toxic.

63
Q

Mechanism like Amiloride, much less potent, more toxic.

A

Triamterene

Pharma (29 decks)

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