Aminoglycosides Flashcards
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin Streptomycin Neomycin
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Mechanism of action
Prevent bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Prevent bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Mechanism of action
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Effects
Bactericidal activity agains susceptible bacteria, synergistic effects against gram-positive bacteria when combined with Beta-lactams or vancomycin, concentration-dependent killing and a significant post-antibiotic effect
Bactericidal activity agains susceptible bacteria, synergistic effects against gram-positive bacteria when combined with Beta-lactams or vancomycin, concentration-dependent killing and a significant post-antibiotic effect
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Effects
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Clinical applications
Sepsis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, synergistic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci
Sepsis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, synergistic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Clinical applications
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interactions
IV, renal clearance (half-life 2.5 h) once-daily dosing as effective and may have less toxicity then conventional dosing, TOXICITY: Nephrotoxicity (reverible), ototoxicity (irreversible), neuromuscular blockade
IV, renal clearance (half-life 2.5 h) once-daily dosing as effective and may have less toxicity then conventional dosing, TOXICITY: Nephrotoxicity (reverible), ototoxicity (irreversible), neuromuscular blockade
Gentamicin
(Aminoglycosides)
Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interactions
Tobramycin
Quality
Intravenous; more active then gentamicin versus Pseudomonas; may also have less nephrotoxicity
Intravenous; more active then gentamicin versus Pseudomonas; may also have less nephrotoxicity
Tobramycin
Quality
Amikacin
Quality
Intravenous; resistant to many ezymes that inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin; higher doses and target peak and troughs than gentamicin and tobramycin
Intravenous; resistant to many ezymes that inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin; higher doses and target peak and troughs than gentamicin and tobramycin
Amikacin
Quality
Streptomycin
Quality
Intramuscular; widespread resistance limits use to specific indications such as tuberculosis and enterococcal endocarditis
Intramuscular; widespread resistance limits use to specific indications such as tuberculosis and enterococcal endocarditis
Streptomycin
Quality
Neomycin
Quality
Oral or topical, poor bioavailability; used before bowel surgery to decrease aerobic flora; also used to treat hepatic encephalopathy
Oral or topical, poor bioavailability; used before bowel surgery to decrease aerobic flora; also used to treat hepatic encephalopathy
Neomycin
Quality
Spectinomycin
Quality
Intramuscular; sole use is for treatment of antibiotic-resistant gonococcal infections or gonococcal infections in penicillin-allergic patients
Intramuscular; sole use is for treatment of antibiotic-resistant gonococcal infections or gonococcal infections in penicillin-allergic patients
Spectinomycin
Quality
