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Drugs Used In Diabetes Flashcards

0
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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1
Q

Insulins

A

Rapid-acting: Lispro, aspart, glulisine
Short-acting: Regular
Intermediate-acting: NPH
Long-acting: Detemir, glargine

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2
Q

aspart

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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3
Q

glulisine

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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4
Q

Regular

A

Short-acting:Insulin

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5
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate-acting: Insulin

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6
Q

Detemir

A

Long-acting: Insulin

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7
Q

glargine

A

Long-acting: Insulin

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8
Q

Rapid-acting:insulin

A

Lispro
aspart
glulisine

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9
Q

Short-acting:Insulin

A

Regular

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10
Q

Intermediate-acting: Insulin

A

NPH

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14
Q

Long-acting: Insulin

A

Detemir

Glargine

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15
Q

Insulins

Mechanism of action

A

Activate insulin receptor

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16
Q

Activate insulin receptor

A

Insulins

Mechanism of action

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17
Q

Insulins

Effects

A

Reduce circulating glucose

Promote glucose transport and oxidation;glycogen, lipid, protein synthese; and regulation of gene expression

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18
Q

Reduce circulating glucose

Promote glucose transport and oxidation;glycogen, lipid, protein synthese; and regulation of gene expression

A

Insulins

Effects

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19
Q

Insulins

Clinical applications

A

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

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20
Q

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

A

Insulins

Clinical applications

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21
Q

Insulins

Toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy (rare)

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22
Q

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy (rare)

A

Insulins

Toxicity

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23
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride

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24
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea

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25
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea

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26
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea

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27
Q

Sulfonylurea

Mechanism of action

A

Insulin secretagogues: close K+ Channels in beta cells

Increase insulin release

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28
Q

Insulin secretagogues: close K+ Channels in beta cells

Increase insulin release

A

Sulfonylurea

Mechanism of action

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29
Q

Sulfonylurea

Effects

A

In patients with functioning beta cells, reduce circulating glucose
Increase glycogen, fat, and protein formation
Gene regulation

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30
Q

In patients with functioning beta cells, reduce circulating glucose
Increase glycogen, fat, and protein formation
Gene regulation

A

Sulfonylurea

Effects

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31
Q

Sulfonylurea

Clinical applications

A

Type 2 diabetes

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32
Q

Sulfonylurea

Clinical applications

A

Type 2 diabetes

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33
Q

Sulfonylurea

Toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

34
Q

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

A

Sulfonylurea

Toxicity

35
Q

Glitinides

A

Repaglinide

Nateglinide

36
Q

Repaglinide

37
Q

Nateglinide

38
Q

Repaglinide

Mechanism of action

A

Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites

39
Q

Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites

A

Repaglinide
Nateglinide

Mechanism of action

40
Q

Nateglinide

Mechanism of action

A

Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites

41
Q

Repaglinide

Effects

A

In patients with functioning beta cells, reduces circulating glucose
Increases glycogen, fat, and protein formation
Gene regulation

42
Q

In patients with functioning beta cells, reduces circulating glucose
Increases glycogen, fat, and protein formation
Gene regulation

A 
Repaglinide (glitinides)
Nateglinide (glitinides)
Glipizide (sulfonylurea)
Glyburide (sulfonylurea)
Glimepiride (sulfonylurea)
Effects
43
Q

Biguanide

44
Q

Metformin

45
Q

Metformin (Biguanide)

Mechanism of action

A

Obscure: Reduced hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

46
Q

Obscure: Reduced hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

A

Metformin (Biguanide)

Mechanism of action

47
Q

Metformin (Biguanide)

Effects

A

Decreased endogenous glucose production

48
Q

Decreased endogenous glucose production

A

Metformin (Biguanide)

Effects

49
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

50
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

51
Q

Miglitol

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

52
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibit intestinal a-glucosidases

53
Q

Inhibit intestinal a-glucosidases

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Mechanism of action

54
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Effects

A

Reduces conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides
Reduces postpradial hyperglycemia

55
Q

Reduces conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides
Reduces postpradial hyperglycemia

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Effects

56
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

57
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione

58
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione

59
Q

Pioglitazone

Mechanism of action

A

Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y and PPAR-a

60
Q

Rosiglitazone

Mechanism of action

A

Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y

61
Q

Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y

A

Rosiglitazone

Mechanism of action

62
Q

Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y and PPAR-a

A

Pioglitazone

Mechanism of action

63
Q

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Effects

A

Reduces insulin resistance

64
Q

Reduces insulin resistance

A

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Effects

65
Q

Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

A

Exenatide

Liraglutide

66
Q

Exenatide

A

Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

67
Q

Liraglutide

A

Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

68
Q

Exenatide (GLP-1)

Mechanism of action

A

Analog of GLP-1: binds to GLP-1 receptors

69
Q

Analog of GLP-1: binds to GLP-1 receptors

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide

Mechanism of action

70
Q

Exenatide
Liraglutide

Effects

A

Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite

71
Q

Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide

Effects

72
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

A

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin

73
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

74
Q

Saxagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

75
Q

Linagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

76
Q

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin

Mechanism of action

A

DPP-4 inhibitor: blocks degradation of GLP-1, raises circulating GLP-1 levels

77
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor: blocks degradation of GLP-1, raises circulating GLP-1 levels

A

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin

Mechanism of action

78
Q

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin

Effects

A

Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite

79
Q

Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite

A

Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin
Exenatide

Effects

Pharma (29 decks)

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