Vascular Plant, Structure, Growth, and Development 2

Question 1

Monocot

Answer 1

Single cotyledon, veins usually parallel, vascular tissue scattered, fibrous roots, pollen grain w/ one opening, floral organs in multiples of three

Question 2

Eudicot

Answer 2

Two cotyledons, veins usually netlike, vascular tissue arranged in ring, has a taproot, pollen grain w/ three openings, floral organs in multiples of four or five

Question 3

Meristems

Answer 3

Embryonic tissue and allow for intermediate growth

Question 4

Intermediate growth

Answer 4

Shoots can keep growing as long as meristem keeps producing cells and enough resources

Question 5

Apical meristems

Answer 5

Located tips of roots and shoots and at axillary buds of shoots; responsible for primary growth

Question 6

Lateral meristems

Answer 6

Vascular cambium and cork cambium; add thickness to woody plants (secondary growth)

Question 7

Primary growth

Answer 7

Apical meristems enlongate shoots and roots

Question 8

Secondary growth

Answer 8

Lateral meristems add thickness by adding second layers of secondary xylem and phloem

Question 9

Vascular cambium

Answer 9

Adds secondary layers of xylem and phlorm

Question 10

Cork cambium

Answer 10

In stems/trunks; replaces epidermis w/ periderm (thicker/tougher)

Question 11

Root cap

Answer 11

Protects apical meristem

Question 12

Zone of cell division

Answer 12

New cells are being made via apical meristem

Question 13

Zone of enlongation

Answer 13

Cells enlongate after being replicated; start to take on their functions (dermal, ground, or vascular)

Question 14

Zone of differentiation

Answer 14

Root hairs form, vascular tissue absorbing and maturing, cortex is mature; cells take on function

Question 15

Stele

Answer 15

Vascular system of a root or a stem

Question 16

Vascular cylinder

Answer 16

In angiosperms, the stele of a root

Question 17

Primary growth produces what?

Answer 17

Epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

Question 18

Cortex

Answer 18

Region between vascular cylinder and epidermis; forms loose pathway for water and minerals after being absorbed to move to vascular cylinder

Question 19

Endodermis

Answer 19

Intermost layer of cortex; where water and nutrients have to cross to go into vascular cylinder

Question 20

Pericycle

Answer 20

First layer of vascular cylinder

Question 21

What’s exclusive in vascular cylinders of eudicots and monocots?

Answer 21

In eudicots, a cross of xylem is common. In monocots, a core of parenchyma cells are common.

Question 22

Where do leaves develop from?

Answer 22

Leaf primordia along the sides of apical meristem

Question 23

Where do axillary buds develop from?

Answer 23

Meristematic cells left at bases of leaf primordia

Question 24

What is the difference between vascular tissue in eudicot stems and monocot stems?

Answer 24

In eudicots, vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered.

Question 25

Epidermis

Answer 25

Reduces water loss

Question 26

Stomata

Answer 26

Opens for CO2 to be absorbed and loses water when open

Question 27

Guard cells

Answer 27

Regulate opening and closing of stomata through an ionic mechanism

Question 28

Mesophyll

Answer 28

Ground tissue in a leaf that is soft and is responsible for metabolic functions (doing photosynthesis and moving carbon to phloem)

Question 29

Veins

Answer 29

Are leaf’s vascular bundles that function as the leaf’s skeleton

Question 30

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 30

Absorbs light energy and does photosynthesis; on top

Question 31

Spongy meosphyll

Answer 31

Loose; allows CO2 to reach chloroplasts of internal cells; does photosynthesis; on the bottom

Question 32

Which plants have secondary growth?

Answer 32

Gymnosperms and many eudicots

Question 33

Growth ring

Answer 33

Indicates age, filled w/ secondary xylem