Plant Diversity 2 Flashcards
What is another name for non vascular plants?
Bryophytes
Seed
Embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
Gymnosperms
“Naked seed” plants including conifers (pine trees); needle shaped leaves
Angiosperms
Flowering plants and has seeds (pollen)
What are indicators of bryophytes or non vascular plants?
Reliant on water, small, dependent on gametophyte stage
Protonema
Mini stem; gametophytes stem from here in bryophytes
Gametophore
Analogous to buds for bryophytes
Rhizoids
Analogous to roots but are not good for holding water; can only anchor gameotphytes to substrate
Where do bryophyte sporophytes grow out of?
Archegonia (female gametophyte)
What does a sporophyte (from a bryophyte) consist of?
Foot, seta (stalk), sporangia
Sporangia
Capsule that discharges spores through a peristome
Stomata
Present in hornwarts and moss sporophytes; tiny pores that allow pls fs to absorb CO2 for photosynthesis; when it opens water is absorbed
Vascular tissues
Xylem and phloem; provide support and allow planes to grow tall by supplying water and nutrients
Xylem
Vascular tissue that sends water up the plant; made up of dead cells called tracheids; “plumbing”
Phloem
Living cells that distribute sugars and other organic products to roots and developing areas through diffusion
Roots
Organs that anchor vascular plants and absorb water and nutrients
Leaves
Organs that increase surface area for photosynthesis
Microphylls
Single vein leaves (primitive and could be in bryophytes)
Megaphylls
Highly branched vascular system; type of leaf
Phylum Lycophyta
Club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts (not mosses at all); have vascular tissues and not true mosses
Phylum Pterophyta
Ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns; most diverse seedless vascular
Name two ways which Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms.
Gymnosperm seeds are exposed and are in cones. Angiosperm seeds are enclosed in nuts or fruits. Angiosperms are also flowering plants while gymnosperms are not.
What are basic land plant attributes?
Alternation of generations, apical meristems, multicellular dependent embryos, walled spores, and multicellular gametangia
On a field trip w/ your Bio 5B class you are tasked with the identification of a plant. While observing it you notice that it produces spores in large numbers and has vascular tissue. What class does your plant most likely belong to?
Pterophytes (ferns)
What are the two types of angiosperms?
Monocot and eudicot
Differences between monocot and eudicot plants?
Monocot: one cotyledon in embryo, leaf vein is usually parallel, vascular tissue scattered, root system fibrous (no main root), pollen grain has one opening, flower floral organs in multiples of three
Eudicot: two cotyledons in embryo, leaf veins netlike, vascular tissue ordered in a ring, taproot (has a main root), pollen grain has 3 openings, floral organs in multiples of four or five
What are the three types of apical meristems?
Shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem, and vascular cambium
Vascular cambium
Apical meristem for secondary growth; increases width
Primary growth
Increase in length of either roots or shoots
Secondary growth
Increase in width w/ the help of vascular cambium; creates new layers of xylem and phloem cells
Which plants have true secondary growth?
Gymnosperms and eudicot
Why do Monocot plants not have secondary growth
Vascular tissue are not arranged in a way that they have vascular cambium
