Fungi

Question 1

Fungus

Answer 1

Domain: Eukarya

Supergroup: Unikonta

Clade: Opisthokonta; more related to animals than plants

Can be unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic (decomposers), has chitin cell wall

Question 2

Chitin

Answer 2

Polysaccharide; linear polymer that can be organized into long chains and gives structure; chitin cell wall in animals and fungi

Question 3

What makes up a fungus?

Answer 3

Hyphae, fruiting body, and mycelium

Question 4

Hyphae

Answer 4

Long, thin filaments made of tubular cells; the actual fungus itself; stationary

Question 5

Mycelium

Answer 5

Network of hyphae that together make up the fungal body

Question 6

Fruiting body

Answer 6

Reproductive structure for spore dispersal; mushroom part

Question 7

How do fungi decompose?

Answer 7

Hyphae secrete enzymes to break down nutrients and then the hyphae eat it; decomposition is parasitic when the target is alive

Question 8

Mycotoxins

Answer 8

Poisonous when eaten; protects the reproductive structures and it’s spores; ex: Amanita when eaten kills

Question 9

Lichens

Answer 9

Symbiotic relationship between San ascomycete and either an algae or a Cyanobacteria; fungus provides home and algae provides photosynthesis (nutrients)

Question 10

Dikaryotic

Answer 10

Two nuclei (2 haploid) that are genetically different one from each mating type

Question 11

What is the ploidy of most of the fungal mycelium?

Answer 11

Haploid

Question 12

What is the ploidy of the sporocarp or spore body?

Answer 12

Dikaryotic

Question 13

Plasmogamy

Answer 13

Cell membranes have fused; where two nuclei join together in one cell

Question 14

Cryptomycota and Microsporidia

Answer 14

Parasitic; tiny genomes and reduced organelles; all unicellular; disease causing agents

Question 15

Chytridiomycota

Answer 15

Chitin cell walls; flagellated zoospores; uni or rarely multicellular forms; ex: Batrachochytrium dendrobates-most deadly pathogen and attacks amphimbians

Question 16

Zoopagomycota

Answer 16

Parasitic zombie species; multicellular; spores dispersed by wind and have no flagella

Question 17

Can fungi reproduce sexually? True or false?

Answer 17

True but it can be rare; in Cryptomycota and Microsporidia, Chytridiomycota, and Zoopagomycota

Question 18

Mucoromycota

Answer 18

Reproduces w/ spore; includes plant pathogens and most molds; largely multicellular; coenocytic hypha (don’t have cell walls separating them)

Question 19

Heterokaryotic zygosporangium

Answer 19

Fusion of two structures, containing haploid nuclei, from opposite mating types

Question 20

Karyogamy

Answer 20

Final step of fusing two haploid nuclei; nuclei fuse to form a zygote and results in a diploid cell

Question 21

Ascomycota

Answer 21

Sac fungi (morels, truffles, finger fungi); mostly sexual reproduction; unicellular yeasts or multicellular; ex: Conidia are asexual and Ascocarps are sexual

Question 22

Basidiomycota

Answer 22

Includes familiar mushrooms w/ gills; sexual reproduction