Animal Form And Function

Question 1

Similar environments cause what?

Answer 1

They cause phenotypes to converge (convergent evolution); species to have similar traits

Question 2

Which increases at a faster rate? Volume or surface area?

Answer 2

Volume (side^3) increases faster vs surface area (side^2)

Question 3

How do organisms do gas exchange if exterior keeps getting bigger vs the interior?

Answer 3

Two strategies.

Stay flat. Planarians are few cells thick and that allows for easy gas exchange (gases diffuse faster and are able to stay in when they are smaller)

Bring outside in using a respiratory and circulatory system.

Question 4

Folds and loops increase surface area by?

Answer 4

Nephron (kidneys), bronchi, villi

Question 5

What do bigger bodies need more of?

Answer 5

Complex systems.

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism

Question 6

What is so significant abt Rotifer filter feeding?

Answer 6

Shows that organisms don’t have to be big to have organ systems b/c legacy of their phylogenic history

Question 7

Epithelial tissues

Answer 7

Sheets of cells that line other tissues/organs; work as a barrier between outside and inside

Question 8

What are the five epithelial tissues?

Answer 8

Stratified squamous (layered flat cells present in skin for protection), simple squamous (single layer of flat cells present inside), simple columnar (tall and upright), pseudo-stratified columnar, cuboidal (cubed)

Question 9

Muscle tissue

Answer 9

Responsible for movement; Ex: smooth (stomach), skeletal, and cardiac (heart)

Question 10

Which muscle tissues are responsible for uncoordinated and coordinated movement?

Answer 10

Uncoordinated: smooth

Coordinated: skeletal and cardiac

Question 11

Nervous tissue

Answer 11

Processes information and coordinates time sensitive functions; axon, dendrites, soma, glia, and neurons

Question 12

Connective tissue

Answer 12

Supports and/or holds body parts together; Includes: loose connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue (tendons), bone, adipose tissue (fat storage and support), cartilage, and blood

Question 13

Which tissue type is correctly matched w/ it’s major function?

Connective-bodily support
Muscle-protective barrier
Epithelial-information processing
Nervous-movement

Answer 13

Connective-bodily support

Question 14

Endothermy

Answer 14

Animals that have body heat derived from their internal metabolism; in mammals

Question 15

Ectothermy

Answer 15

Animals that have body temp. regulated by their environment; in reptiles

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

Self regulating process by which an organism can maintain internal stability (like body temp.) while adjusting to changes in external conditons

Question 17

Regulator

Answer 17

Animals that use metabolism or behaviors to maintain their body temp.

Question 18

Comformers

Answer 18

Rely on living in a constant environment; didn’t evolve any strategies (metabolism/behavior) to maintain body temp.

Question 19

Homothermy

Answer 19

Constant body temp.; in mammals and birds

Question 20

Poikilothermy

Answer 20

Not constant body temp.; wide range of temps. they can survive in; Ex: reptiles, insects, amphibians

Question 21

What is an example of a regulator homeotherm?

Answer 21

Bison in the snow

Question 22

What is an example of a regulator poikilotherm?

Answer 22

A lizard on a rock basking in the sun

Question 23

What is an example of a conformer homeotherm?

Answer 23

A fish living in the ocean

Question 24

What is homeostasis maintained by?

Answer 24

Positive and negative feedback loops.