Plant Diversity 2 Part 2

Question 1

Before the bryophytes what happened?

Answer 1

Embryonic attachment to the mother plant

Question 2

What happened before pteridophytes?

Answer 2

Cells joined in tubes for water and nutrient transport; vascular tissues

Question 3

What happened before gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Answer 3

The seed stage

Question 4

Seed

Answer 4

A sporophyte embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 5

Heterospory

Answer 5

Ancestors of seed plants were homosporous while seed plants are heterosporous

Question 6

Microspores

Answer 6

Produce male gametophytes

Question 7

Megaspores

Answer 7

Produce female gametophytes

Question 8

Megasporangia

Answer 8

Are diploid and produce megaspores

Question 9

Microsporangia

Answer 9

Are diploid and produce microspores

Question 10

Reduced gametophytes

Answer 10

Occur in vascular plants; provides protection as the gametophytes of seed plants develop within the walls of spores that are retained within tissues of the parent sporophyte

Question 11

Ovules

Answer 11

Include integument+megasporangium, megaspore/egg

Question 12

Difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm megasporangia.

Answer 12

Gymnosperm has one integument and angiosperms has two

Question 13

Pollen

Answer 13

Microspores develop in pollen grain which contain male gametophytes; also eliminates need for water and can be dispersed great distances by air or animals

Question 14

Pollination

Answer 14

Transfer of pollen to part of seed plant contain ovules

Question 15

Pollen tube

Answer 15

Discharges two sperm to female gametophyte within ovule after pollen grain germinates

Question 16

What evolutionary advantages do seeds provide?

Answer 16

Can be transported long distances by wind or animals and may remain dormant for days to years until germination

Question 17

What are the four species of gymnosperms?

Answer 17

Coniferophytes, gnetophytes, ginkophytes, and cycadophytes

Question 18

Phylum Ginkgophyta

Answer 18

One species; high tolerance to air pollution and popular ornamental tree

Question 19

Phylum cycadophyta

Answer 19

200 species; palm like, seeds produced in large cones, few exist today

Question 20

Phylum gnetophyta

Answer 20

Diverse (several growth forms but few species); vary in appearance, some are tropical and some are in deserts

Question 21

Phylum coniferophyta

Answer 21

550 species; include: pines, firs, redwoods, spruces, etc.; needle shaped leaves, mostly evergreen, important ecologically and economically

Question 22

Difference between small and large cones?

Answer 22

Small cones have male gametophytes and large cones have female gametophytes

Question 23

Transition from charophyceans to vascular plants with seeds

Answer 23

Less reliance on water and increasing dominance of sporophyte generation

Question 24

Anthophyta

Answer 24

All angiosperms in one phylum; flower

Question 25

Flower

Answer 25

Unique structure to angiosperms that is for reproduction

Question 26

Sepals (calyx)

Answer 26

Cover immature flower bud

Question 27

Petals (Corolla)

Answer 27

Brightly colored and attract animals for pollination

Question 28

Stamens

Answer 28

Microsporophylls produce microspores which make male gametophytes in the six anthers

Question 29

Carpels

Answer 29

Megasporophylls that make megaspores which contain female gametophytes and make seeds; includes the stigma

Question 30

Fruit

Answer 30

Consists of a mature ovary and protects seeds and aids in dispersal

Question 31

Why are angiosperms more diverse?

Answer 31

Rapid life cycle, symbioses with other species, more effective vascular tissue (sieve tube members)