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Bio 5B > Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecular movement caused by thermal energy and it moves in Brownian motion (random)

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2
Q

When is diffusion used for and when is it slow?

A

It is used for when the cell distance is only 1-2 cells thick. It is slow when there is multiple cells as the cells in the back do not receive oxygen fast enough and die.

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3
Q

What does a circulatory system do?

A

Allow for bigger animals to get oxygen; speeds up transport of ions and molecules

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4
Q

Gastrovascular cavities

A

In Cnidaria and platyhelminthes; place many cells in contact w/ environment; acts as a stomach (eats and does digestion)

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5
Q

What are the two circulatory systems?

A

Open and closed

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6
Q

Open circulatory system

A

In arthropods and molluscs (except cephalopods); contains hemolymph; does not form a complete circuit and not connected w/ respiratory system; blood flows in body and gets pumped back to heart due to contraction of heart and movement of animal

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7
Q

Hemolymph

A

Blood mixed w/ interstitial fluid

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8
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

In earthworm and us; all vessels form one complete closed network that all blood travels through; blood does not leave vessels unless injury

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9
Q

Water vascular system

A

In echinoderms; hydraulic system functions in locomotion, respiration, food and waste transportation; uses sea water instead of blood or hemolymph

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10
Q

What does the circulatory system move?

A

Oxygen, sugars, hormones, antibodies, waste (CO2 and urea), and pathogens

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11
Q

Blood

A

Connective tissue made of cells, platelets, and plasma

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12
Q

How much plasma, leukocytes and platelets, and erythrocytes are in blood?

A

Plasma: 55%

Leukocytes and platelets: <1%

Erythrocytes: 45%

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13
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells that contain hemoglobin; mammalian red blood cells have no nucleus which makes room for hemoglobin but they also die faster; disk-like and concave

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14
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Contains iron to carry oxygen in erythrocytes

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15
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells that defend against pathogens; have a nucleus

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16
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments of old red blood cells; form clots (for injury)

17
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid that is 95% water and contains ions, glucose, hormones, and proteins

18
Q

What are the 3 types of vessels that transports blood?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

19
Q

Arteries

A

Take blood away from heart; thin diameter w/ a ring of a thick layer of smooth muscle allows it to change diameter and blood pressure; pumps blood at a high pressure due to it being from heart; small diameter=fast

20
Q

Veins

A

Bring blood towards the heart; blood moves slow; has valves to prevent backflow

21
Q

Capillaries

A

Site of gas/solute exchange

22
Q

What are the three types of hearts?

A

Two chamber, three chamber, and four chamber

23
Q

Two chambered heart

A

Primitive and one circuit allowing for single circulation; in fish; blood -> lungs -> body

24
Q

Three chambered heart

A

In amphibians; allows for double circulation; 1 ventricle

25
Q

Four chambered heart

A

In mammals and archosauria; allows for double circulation; two ventricles

26
Q

What is the difference between single circulation and double circulation?

A

Having a dedicated body for systemic circuit and respiratory (pulmonary) circuit allows greater oxygen absorption and delivery

27
Q

What kind of heart do crocodiles have?

A

They have a 4 chambered heart that has a foramen of Panizza which allows it to act like both a 4 chambered and 3 chambered heart. This allows for crocodiles and other reptiles to dive for over long periods of time and have special hemoglobin oxygen release systems.

28
Q

Foramen of Panizza

A

Allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit; functionally connects the two vent field; opens=3 chambers, closes=4 chambers

29
Q

Special hemoglobin oxygen release system

A

Only releases oxygen from hemoglobin when needed; in crcodiles

30
Q

Valves

A

Prevent back flow; include: Semilunar valves, Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves (atrioventricular valves)

31
Q

Difference between semilunar and atrioventricular?

A

Atrioventricular valves are between atrium and ventricle while semilunar valves are from ventricles to outside of heart.

32
Q

Left atrium

A

Where oxygenated blood enters; top

33
Q

Right atrium

A

Where deoxygenated blood enters; top

34
Q

Ventricles

A

Does the pumping; bottom

35
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Pacemaker-triggers each heartbeat; is a cardiac muscle, can respond to adrenaline=make heart pump faster

36
Q

What is the order of signal from the SA node?

A

SA node -> delay at AV node -> bundle branches to heart apex -> Purkinje fibers and spreads throughout ventricles causing contraction

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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