Plant Diversity 1 Flashcards
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolved from green algae (Charophyceans or Charophytes) from protists
Chara-
Pond species; reliant on water
Sporopollenin
Prevented zygotes from drying out in charophytes
Common features between charophytes and land plants:
Multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic, autotrophic, cell walls of cellulose, advanced organelles
4 traits shared only with charophytes and land plants
Rings of cellulose synthesizing proteins, peroxisome enzymes, structure of flagellated sperm, formation of phragmoplast
Phragmoplast
Aids in cell division; structural integrity for tissues
Four traits exclusive to land plants
Alternation of generations, walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, apical meristems
Apical meristems
Growth centers for land plants
Sporophyte
Plant
Gametophyte
Produces gametes for plants
Placental transfer cells
Enhance nutrient transfer to plant embryo; analogous to placenta in mammals
Sporangia
Walled, haploid spores produced by sporophyte
Gametangia
Organs that produce gametes; two types: archegonia and antheridia
Archegonia
Produces eggs and is the site for fertilization
Antheridia
Produces sperm and released them
What are examples of non vascular plants?
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
What are examples of seedless, vascular plants?
Lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts) and pterophytes (ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns)
What are examples of vascular plants w/ seeds?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
What are the most prominent seedless vascular plant?
Pterophytes
What are the most diverse gymnosperms?
Phylum coniferophyta or conifers
What are the most prominent plant?
Angiosperms
An organism is a photosynthetic autotroph and gets its nutrients from the soil. What is it, a land plant or Charophycean?
Land plant
What are some of the common features of a plant body plan?
Having growth centers (apical meristems), tissue systems, and an overall body organization
How do pterophytes differ from bryophytes?
Presence of vascular tissue