Protists

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

Informal name for unicellular eukaryotes; more diverse than any other group of eukaryotes

Question 2

Protists being nutritionally diverse includes:

Answer 2

Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs

Question 3

Mixotrophs

Answer 3

Combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition; unique to protists

Question 4

What are the four super groups of protists?

Answer 4

Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

Question 5

Amoebozoans

Answer 5

Part of the Unikonta super group; includes amebae and slime molds

Question 6

Amebae

Answer 6

Have pseudopodia instead of cilia or flagella, grows by cytoplasmic steaming (cytoplasms undergoes reversible phase change from solution to gel), has food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles for water and wastes, generally complex internal structure; part of the Amoebozoans

Question 7

Pseudopodia

Answer 7

Extensions of cytoplasms shaped by micro tubules and micro filaments; “fake feet or legs”

Question 8

Slime molds

Answer 8

Once thought to be fungi because they produce fruiting bodies and spores, but just convergent evolution; two types: plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds; part of the Amoebozoans

Question 9

Euglenozoans

Answer 9

Characterized by rod w/ spiral or crystalline structure inside each of their flagella; has two types: kinetoplastids and euglenids; part of the Excavata super group

Question 10

Kinetoplastids

Answer 10

Some are free living (facultative) or parasitic (obligate); causes diseases like African trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease, Leishmaniasis

Question 11

Why trypanosome diseases cannot be treated w/ antibiotics?

Answer 11

Both host and parasite are eukaryotes, so anti-protozoan drugs are harmful

Question 12

Red and green algae

Answer 12

Part of the Archaeplastida super group; closest relative to land plants and developed from cyanobacterial endosymbionts

Question 13

Radiolarians, forams, Cercozoans

Answer 13

Move and feed w/ pseudopodia; part of the Rhizarians sub category; part of the SAR super group

Question 14

Ciliates

Answer 14

Are alveolates; cilia usually occur in large numbers, ciliary beating is coordinated (metachronal/moving together); part of Chromalveolata sub category; part of the SAR super group

Question 15

Difference between ciliates and free moving ciliates

Answer 15

On free moving ciliates, direction of swimming is opposite the direction of power strokes

Question 16

Apicomplexans

Answer 16

All parasites of animals and have apex organelles that penetrate and infect the host, has a long and shared evolutionary history, must infect a series of hosts and change between sexual and asexual phases throughout its life cycle; are alveolates; part of the Chromalveolata sub category, part of the SAR super group

Question 17

Sporozite

Answer 17

Infective stage caused by apex organelles of the apicomplexans

Question 18

Plasmodium

Answer 18

Causes malaria; an apicomplexan

Question 19

Merozite

Answer 19

Infected red blood cell

Question 20

You find an organism that has apex organelles, and is a parasite. What class does it most likely belong to?

Answer 20

SAR (specifically Apicomplexans)

Question 21

While studying a sample under a microscope you notice an organism that uses a food vacuole and a contractile vacuole. What class does it belong to and what is the purpose of the food vacuole and contractile vacuole?

Answer 21

Unikonta (Amoebozoans)

Question 22

While looking at a droplet of water through your microscope you find an organism that is able to easily swim through liquids but pushing water in the opposite direction it wants to go through use of a flagella. What class does this organism most likely belong to?

Answer 22

Excavata

Question 23

According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter, which protists are in the same eukaryotic super group as plants?

Answer 23

Red and green algae