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Bio 5B > Origin And Evolution Of Animals > Flashcards

Origin And Evolution Of Animals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metazoa

A

“Later animals”; shared derived traits include heterotrophic, sexual reproduction, multicellular, and movement

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2
Q

Chanoflagellates

A

Not animals but have similar traits; protists; aggregate into colonies

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3
Q

Poriferans

A

Simplest animals; cells not organized into tissues and move briefly in life cycle but mostly sessile; asymmetrical; filter feed using chanocytes

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4
Q

Choanocyte

A

Filter feed

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5
Q

Amoebocyte

A

Part of a sponge; freely move throughout the sponge body and performs any task; can also divide into other things

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6
Q

What are two things that make a sponge?

A

Choanocyte and Amoebocyte

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7
Q

What are the three major body plans?

A

No symmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Same thing on every direction/side

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9
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Cut in half -> same layout on either side (mirror)

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10
Q

Do sponges have tissues?

A

No, but other animals (eumetazoans) have tissues

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11
Q

What are the four tissues?

A

Nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

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12
Q

Cnidaria

A

Coral, jellyfish, and sea amenity; use tissue to coordinate movement; radial symmetry; carnivorous, presence of diploblastic embryo, two forms: sessile polyp and motile medusa

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13
Q

Diploblastic embryo

A

Two germ layers

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14
Q

Sessile polyp

A

Non-moving, tentacles on top; Ex: coral

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15
Q

Motile Medusa

A

Moving; tentacles on the bottom; Ex: jellyfish

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16
Q

Lophotrochoza

A

Annelids, molluscs, platyhelminths; protocols development; has two larvae stages: lophophore and trochophore; larvae stages have cilia or gills for movement and filter feeding

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17
Q

Triploblastic embryos

A

Have three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

18
Q

Gastrulation

A

Cells dive or die to create a hole/gastrule

19
Q

Gastrule

A

Infolding into embryo/a hole

20
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside layer of embryo; later forms the gastrointestinal tract

21
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer of embryo; later forms skin, muscle, and nervous tissue

22
Q

Protosomes

A

Mouth developing first organisms; in eight cell stage it is spiral and determinate

23
Q

Determinate

A

Once embryo starts to develop cells cannot change even when cut (determined fate)

24
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Mouth developing second organisms; evolved from protostomes; in its eight cell stage embryo is radial and indeterminate

25
Q

Indeterminate

A

Cells can change; Ex: if cells cut in half, some cells go out and form ectoderm and others stay in and form endoderm, can also get twins

26
Q

Platyhelminths

A

Flatworms; flat body; no complex body systems; 1-2 cells thick; no body cavity, bilateral symmetry, gastrovascular cavity/no digestive tract

27
Q

Molluscs

A

Gastropods and cephalopods; bilateral symmetry, hemocoel; three main body parts: muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle

28
Q

Gastropods

A

Part of molluscs; w/ shells; complex body systems; Ex: snails

29
Q

Cephalopods

A

Shell-less molluscs and predatory molluscs; same body arrangement as other molluscs; highly intelligent; it’s structures: mantle, visceral mass, and foot; Ex: octopus, squid

30
Q

Nautilus

A

Ancient molluscs; squid and octopus evolved from this

31
Q

Annelids

A

Segmented worms; complex body systems; coelom and bilateral symmetry; Ex: leech, tube worm, bristle worm

32
Q

Ecdysoza

A

Animals that have to molt or go through ecdysis; include arthropods, hexapoda, and nematoda

33
Q

Molting

A

Also called ecdysis; shedding exterior part of the body to grow

34
Q

Arthropods

A

Most speciose animal group; includes chelicerates, myriapods, and crustaceans; hemocoel and reduced coelom, segmented body w/ joined appendages and exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry

35
Q

Chelicerates

A

Extra arms to manipulate foods; Ex: spiders and scorpions

36
Q

Myriapods

A

Arthropods w/ many feed; Ex: centipede

37
Q

Crustaceans

A

Crabs

38
Q

Hexapoda

A

Have six feet; insects; segmented exoskeleton; complex body systems; molt and go through metamorphosis; Ex; butterfly

39
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms; hemocoel, no circulator system, bilateral symmetry Ex: C. elegans

40
Q

Deuterostomia

A

Mouths develop second; organs, dueterostome development, coelom; bilateral symmetry enables rapid locomotion; Ex: cheetah?

41
Q

Echinoderms

A

Are deuterostomia; re-evolved radial symmetry (juveniles have bilateral while adult has radial); water vascular system, coelom, endo skeleton ; Ex: sea star, feather star, sea cucumber

42
Q

What trait is not a shared derived trait of lophotrochozoa?

A

Ecdysis

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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