Vascular Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells of vascular system include:

A

Inner layer of endothelial cells
Internal layer of smooth muscle cells
Adventitial layer

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2
Q

Adventitial layer function:

A

Contain cots of fibroblasts; responsible for laying down extraceullar matric and repair processes

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3
Q

Arteries have high or low pressure system?

A

High pressure system

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4
Q

Veins have high or low pressure system?

A

Low pressure system

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5
Q

Elastic laminae function

A

Maintains pulsatile strength of blood and vessel integrity

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6
Q

Difference between veins and arteries: SMCs

A

Arteries = SMcells
Veins = few SMCs

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7
Q

Difference in arteries and veins for adventitia layer

A

Arteries: fibroblasts + extensive connective tissue
Veins: thick elastic tissue + loose connective tissue

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8
Q

Why do blood vessels become more rigid as we get older?

A

Ability for elastic laminae to stretch reduces over time

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9
Q

Vein structure

A

Large lumens and thin walls, Blood under low pressure
Back flow prevented by valves

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10
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

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11
Q

Form network between arteries and veins?

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

Function of capillaries

A

To allow transfer of nutrients/waste products to/from tissues

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13
Q

Lymphatic system characteristics

A

Thin walled vessels complimentary to vascular system that carry lymph (tissue fluid, fats, clus)
Have into intimal, small medial and small Adventitial layers

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14
Q

Blood flow through the vessels of the body is regulated by?

A
  1. The fluid force of the Blood cause by contraction of heart
  2. The size of vessels
  3. The action of SMCs
  4. One-way valves
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15
Q

Measure of the contractile force is?

A

Systolic pressure

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16
Q

Drop in force when the heart is at rest?

A

Diastolic pressure

17
Q

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures?

A

Pulse pressure

18
Q

Normal bp

A

120/80
Systolic/diastolic

19
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is defined as?

A

The average pressure which drives Blood through tissues

20
Q

MAP
Equation

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

21
Q

So in normal individual MAP is?

A

Normal bp = 120/80
So MAP = 80 + 13 = 93.3 mmhg

22
Q

What is the main driving force for blood flow?

A

Arterial pressure

23
Q

Ohm’s law defines?

A

Factors affecting haemodynamics of Blood flow

24
Q

Blood pressure equation

A

Bp = CO x TPR

25
Q

TPR is the sum of all forces opposing blood flow, including?

A

Length of vessel (L)
Blood viscosity (V)
Vessel radius (r)

26
Q

TPR can be controlled by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system (vasoconstriction)
Neurotransmitters and hormones ( angiotensin 2)
Exercise (vasodilation)

27
Q

What is the main determinant of arterial Bp?

A

TPR

28
Q

Arterial pressure can be increased by?

A

Constricting arterioles
Constricting large vessels and increasing venous return
Directly increasing CO and heart rate