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Fundamentals Of Science > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

Two neuron system in ANS

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

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2
Q

Structure of parasympathetic nerve

A

Long and lightly myelinated

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3
Q

Cranial nerve X is also

A

Vagus nerve

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4
Q

Cranial nerve x goes to?

A

Heart, kidneys, GI tract to colon

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5
Q

Parasympathetic nerve leaves CNS from?

A

Cranial saccral

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6
Q

Pre ganglionic fibre in parasympathetic nerve releases? and activates what receptor?

A

ACh
nicotinic ( ligand gated receptor)

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7
Q

Post ganglionic fibre in parasympathetic nerve releases?

A

ACh

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8
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Oculomotor - goes to the eys

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9
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

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10
Q

Structure of sympathetic nerve

A

Short and light myelinated

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11
Q

Sympathetic nerve comes from?

A

Thoracic lumbar

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12
Q

Post ganglionic fibre of sympathetic releases?

A

Noradrenaline

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13
Q

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine when released from presynaptic neuron?

A

Choline esterase

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14
Q

Sweat grand is stimulated by what post ganglionic nerve? And what is the chemical released?

A

Sympathetic nerve, ACh is released

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15
Q

Target receptors for sympathetic

A

Adrenoreceptors

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16
Q

Target receptors for parasympathetic receptors

A

Muscarinic receptors

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17
Q

Adrenoreceptor subtypes

A

Alpha 1 and 2, beta 1,2 and 3

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18
Q

Muscarinic receptor subtypes

A

M1-M5

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19
Q

All beta 1,2,3 receptors are linked to what type of G protein coupled receptors?

A

G alpha S coupled

20
Q

Alpha 1 adrenoreceptor is linked to what G protein coupled receptor?,

A

G alpha q linked

21
Q

Alpha 2 adrenoreceptor is linked to what G protein coupled receptor?

A

G alpha i

22
Q

Faster heart rate and more forceful contraction is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA binds to beta 1 adrenoreceptor
G ALPHA S linked
Increases cAMP= Direct stimulation of ‘pacemaker’ ion channels
Activated Protein Kinase A= increased calcium release/ influx and potassium channel activation

23
Q

Smooth muscle contraction and artery narrowing is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to alpha l adrenoreceptor
G Alpha q linked
results in increased Ca2+ release and influx = smooth muscle contraction

24
Q

Radial smooth muscle contraction and pupil widening is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to Alpha 1 adrenoceptor
G Alpha linked

25
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation, airway widening, bladder filling, artery widening is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA binds to beta 2 adrenoceptor
G Alpha S linked
Protein Kinase A activated-= potassium channel activation +inhibition of GO mechanism in sm contraction

26
Q

Breakdown of glycogen, inhibition of glycogen formation, breakdown of lips is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to beta 2/3 adrenoceptor

27
Q

Reduction of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves is what response? What receptor is involved?

A

Sympathetic response, NA is released binds to alpha 2 adrenoreceptor

28
Q

ANS is the connection between?

A

CNS and peripheral organs (everything excluding brain & spinal cord)

29
Q

pre ganglionic fibre of sympathetic releases?

A

acetylcholine

30
Q

in early alzeheimer’s there is AcH deficit, so what type of drugs may be given to help? mechansim

A

drugs that inhibit choline esterase

31
Q

formation of adrenaline

A

tyrosine — Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) — dopamine — Noradrenaline — adrenaline

32
Q

enzyme involved in Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) — dopamine

A

DOPA decarboxylase

33
Q

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmitters are?

A

part of the ANS which does not use ACh or Na as transmitters / mot inhibited by adrenergic or cholinergic blockade

34
Q

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmitters: examples

A

ATP / neuropeptide Y (NPY) : Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone = vasoconstriction
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) : Salivary glands or bronchial smooth muscle = dilatation
Nitric oxide (NO) : Parasympathetic pelvic nerves = erection

35
Q

ATP / neuropeptide Y (NPY)

A

Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone = vasoconstriction

36
Q

Post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve going to the sweat gland releases?

A

ACh

37
Q

beta adrenoceptors on the cardiac muscle cell cause?

A

contraction

38
Q

beta adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cell cause?

A

relaxation

39
Q

M1+ M3+ M5 muscarinic receptor is linked to what G protein?

A

g alpha q

40
Q

M2 and M4 muscarinic receptor is linked to what G protein?

A

G Alpha i

41
Q

Parasympathetic response for: lower HR and less forceful contraction

A

vagus nerve releases ACh , binds to M2
decreased cAMP= less stimulation of ‘pacemaker’ ion channels
reduced Protein Kinase A= reduced calcium release and influx

42
Q

parasympathetic response for: bladder + GI tract + Airway + iris radial muscle CONTRACTION

A

parasympathetic nerve releases ACh, binds to M3 = G Alpha q LINKED
INCREASED Ca2+ release and influx = sm contraction

43
Q

parasympathetic response for: increased gland secretion + tears

A

PS nerve releases ACh= binds to M1/ M3= G Alpha q linked
increased Ca2+ release and influx results in secretion

44
Q

parasympathetic response for secretion results in increased?

A

sweat production, saliva, gut acid, airway mucus, tears

45
Q

parasympathetic response for: artery widening via endothelium

A

Ach binds to M3 cholinonoceptor on endothelium= Gaq linked
increased Ca2+ release= increased NO synthase = NO

Fundamentals Of Science (37 decks)

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