Body Compartments And Drug Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

Compartments define:

A

Location, separated by physical barrier, usually refers to fluids

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2
Q

Cavities define:

A

Space is that contain organ surrounded by a thin layer of fluid

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3
Q

Pleura

A

Finley of tissue that covers the lungs and lines, the anterior wall of the chest cavity

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures

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5
Q

Pericardium

A

Protective fluid filled sac that surrounds your heart and helps it function properly

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6
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane a sheet of smooth tissue that lines, your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

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7
Q

Meninges

A

Serious membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Lumen define:

A

Channels within hollow organs or tissues, filled with or lined by fluid

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9
Q

Endothelial vs epithelial

A

Endothelial cells cover the blood vessel in a surface while epithelial cells cover outer surface of the internal organs in the body.

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10
Q

Interstitial fluid define:

A

Fluid found in the spaces around cells, electrolytes to have leaked out of blood

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11
Q

4 Main barriers

A

Lumen
Epithelium
Serous membrane
Lipid membrane

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12
Q

Serous membrane define:

A

Sheet of cells connected by connective tissue That line is your body cavities.

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13
Q

Epithelium classification:

A

Simple
Stratified ( multiple layers e.g skin is squamous stratified)
Gap junctions can be tight or loose

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14
Q

Simple/stratified epithelium can be either?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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15
Q

Paracellular movement

A

Drugs move between cells

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16
Q

Transcellular movement

A

Drugs move through cells

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17
Q

Drug molecules move around the body in two ways. How?

A

Bulk flow
Diffusion

18
Q

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

A

Surface area to volume ratio
Thickness
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Particle size

19
Q

Lipid solubility is?

A

Partition coefficient between membrane and aqueous environment

20
Q

Diffusivity is?

A

Mobility of molecules within the lipid

Diffusion coefficient - Depends on particle size

21
Q

Ka

A

Acid dissociation constant

22
Q

Smaller the pKa= stronger/weaker acid?

A

Stronger the acid

23
Q

PKa value

A

-10log of Ka

24
Q

pKa value defined:

A

Is the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) at which 50% of the drug is ionised and 50% is un-ionised

25
Q

Ionised vs unionised : which diffuse across the membrane? And why?

A

Unionised drug = is lipid soluble so diffuses across the membrane

26
Q

How to trap a drug in body compartment?

A

Increase ionisation.

27
Q

Endogenous define:

A

Natural to the body

28
Q

Uniporter

A

Proteins that transport substrates across the cellular membrane by soley using chemical potential of the substrates as their driving force

29
Q

Antiporter

A

Transports 2 molecules at the same time in oppose directions

30
Q

Symporter

A

Proteins that simultaneously transport 2 molecules across a membrane in the same direction

31
Q

Organic cation transporters OCTs

A

Transport drugs that are weak bases

32
Q

Organic anion transporters OATs

A

Transport drugs that are weak acids

33
Q

OCTSs and OATs are examples of what transporters?

A

SLC carriers

34
Q

P-gp transporters are examples of what transporters?

A

Efflux pumps

35
Q

P- glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps??

A

Pumps many foreign substances out of cells: reduces drug concentration at treatment target, reducing efficacy

36
Q

P-gp function can be impaired by?

A
  • drugs that block transporter function (causing drug interactions)
  • mutations that change transporter function
37
Q

Drug transporters in action : In the gut

A

P-gp stops the body from absorbing some drugs? Protective

38
Q

Drug transporters in action : In the brain

A

P-gp and OAT mostly move drugs out of the brain into the bloodstream

39
Q

Drug transporters in action : In the placenta

A

P-gp is protecting the fetas from drugs by pumping them into the maternal blood

40
Q

Drug transporters in action : In the liver

A

P-gp is the main transporter pumping drugs from the liver into bile for excretion

41
Q

Drug transporters in action : In the kidney

A

Anion and cation transporters extract drugs from the blood into the kidney cells. P-gp pump drugs from the cells into urine for excretion