Principles of Infection Flashcards
define pathogen
microorganisms that cause disease
reproduction for bacterial cells
binary fission (grow rapidly until theyve used all the growth resources then they stop growing)
define gram stain
a method of staining bacteria for microscopy that allows them to be classified by the structure of their plasma membranes / cell walls
how do you perform a gram stain
take some bacteria and fix them on a slide
Then add crystal violet dye, then iodine
Wash with alcohol- some things will retain the purple dye and some wont
Apply a counter stain (safranin) - since some things dont take up the purple stain
What type of bacteria stains purple?
gram positive bacteria
what type of bacteria stain red?
gram negative bacteria
which type of bacteria (gram) has a thick cell wall?
gram positive bacteria
which type of bacteria (gram) is harder to treat with antibiotics?
gram negative bacteria
cocci bacterial shape
spherical bacteria
bacili bacterial shape
rod shaped bacteria
spirilla bacterial shaped
spiral
vibrio bacterial shaped
curved
aerobic bacteria
live in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic bacteria
live without oxygen
what type of bacteria can live in both environments?
facultative bacteria
steps for viral reproduction
Attachment: virus attaches to specific molecules on the cell surface
Once the virus has docked on the attachment protein, it can enter the cell
Penetration: the virus is endocytosed into the cell
Uncoating: the virus’ outer protein coat is removed, exposing the nucleic acid generated
Replication: The nucleic acid captures the cells reproductive mechanisms and replicates its nucleic acids and synthesis new protein coats
Assembly and Release: virus is assembled into a little endosome full of viruses, which go to the cell surface and are then released