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Immunology MDSC321 > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

12th century methods to confer immunity
Chinese
Turks

A

Chinese - inhaled small pox pustules

Turks - Inserted crusts from small pox pustules

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2
Q

What did Edward Jenner notice?

“-“ immunization ?

A

Noticed that cow pox protected from small pox
People who worked in farms w/ cows had protection
“Refined” Immunization

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3
Q

Who observed that people who worked on farms w/ cows had immunity to small pox?

A

Edward Jenner

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4
Q

What did Jenner call the material and the process?

A

Material - Vaccine

Process - Vaccination

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5
Q

Latin word for cow

A

Vacca

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6
Q

Who is the father of “modern” vaccines?

A

Louis Pasteur

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7
Q

What three things did Louis Pasteur do?

A
  1. Attenuated Cholera bacteria conferred protection to chickens
  2. Tested Anthrax vaccine on sheep
  3. Developed a rabies vaccine for dogs

Treated Joseph Meister w/ rabies vaccine

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8
Q

What type of vaccine did Pasteur discover?

A

Live attenuated
He found that bacteria grown under the wrong conditions weakens it and then your immune system can use it and generate memory for it

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9
Q

What are the 4 categories of immunity?

A
  1. Natural Passive (Milk)
  2. Induced (artificial) Passive (anti-venom)
  3. Natural Active (infection)
  4. Induced Active (vaccination)
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10
Q

Give an example of Natural Passive Immunity

A

Milk
From mother to newborn
Antibodies from mom confer protection

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11
Q

Give an example of Induced Passive Immunity

A

Anti-venom
Bite horse>horse recovers>take plasma w/ antibodies and give to human

Convalescent antibodies
Artificially generated from ppl. who got sick w/ covid

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12
Q

Give an example of Natural Active Immunity

A

Infection

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13
Q

Give an example of Induced Active Immunity

A

Vaccination

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14
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Achieved by preformed immunoglobulins from previously infected or immunized indv

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15
Q

What type of immunity gives immediate protection?

A

Passive

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16
Q

What are the two drawbacks of passive immunity?

A
  1. Dissipates after a few weeks to months

2. Does not generate memory

17
Q

How long are infants protected with natural passive immunity?

A

About 6 months

18
Q

IVIg - General Immune Regulator
What is it?
What is it used for?

A

Intravenous immunoglobulin
It is a last line of defense
From 100-400ppl w/ a diverse set of antibodies. We don’t purify - we give ALL

19
Q

What is the difference between immunization and vaccination?

A

Immunization is the outcome

Vaccination is the strategy

20
Q

Define immunization

A

It is gaining protective immunity through exposure to a pathogen (infection, vaccination)

21
Q

Define Vaccination

A

Intentionally exposing an individual to a pathogen (or part) w/ the intention of generating protective immunity

22
Q

You can be vaccinated but not always —

A

immunized

23
Q

Gaining protective immunity

A

immunization

24
Q

Intention of generating protective immunity

A

vaccination

25
Q

What is the goal of vaccination?

A

Immunization

26
Q

What are the 4 ways that vaccination may not work? (aka immunize)

A
  1. Administration (injection)
  2. Patient genetics (vaccine is built for the avg person)
  3. Batch quality
  4. Pathogen changes (“the flu shot is not a good match this year”)
27
Q

What are 4 reasons for not promoting getting infected? (Natural active)

A
  1. Safer
  2. Many are non-communicable (not from one person to the other)
  3. More controlled
  4. Better tested
28
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A vaccine is any preparation intended to produce immunity to a particular disease

29
Q

How effective are vaccines?

A
  1. Dramatic decrease in severe illness

2. Eradicated small pox

30
Q

Three components of a vaccine

A
  1. Antigen
  2. Adjuvant
  3. Route and Dose

Immunology MDSC321 (27 decks)

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